Table 3.
Multilevel model based mean scores at baseline and follow-up and the regression coefficients (95% CI) for the secondary outcome measures
| Secondary outcome measure | Protocol group | Control group | Regression coefficients (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fear avoidance (Tampa)a | |||
| Baseline | 37.9 | 39.6 | |
| 6 weeks | 37.2 | 39.1 | −0.29 (−2.64; 2.07) |
| 13 weeks | 35.6 | 38.6 | −1.34 (−4.06; 1.39) |
| 26 weeks | 35.7 | 38.1 | −0.78 (−3.46; 1.91) |
| 52 weeks | 37.9 | 39.3 | 0.23 (−2.78; 3.25) |
| Overall effect: χ2 = 1.833; 4df (P = 0.77) | |||
| Active coping (PCI-A)a | |||
| Baseline | 6.4 | 6.6 | |
| 6 weeks | 6.1 | 6.6 | −0.14 (−0.59; 0.31) |
| 13 weeks | 5.9 | 6.3 | −0.10 (−0.59; 0.38) |
| 26 weeks | 5.9 | 6.5 | −0.31 (−0.80; 0.17) |
| 52 weeks | 5.9 | 6.0 | −0.13 (−0.42; 0.69) |
| Overall effect: χ2 = 4.535; 4df (P = 0.34) | |||
| Passive coping (PCI-P)a | |||
| Baseline | 6.1 | 6.4 | |
| 6 weeks | 5.8 | 6.3 | −0.33 (−0.75; 0.09) |
| 13 weeks | 5.3 | 6.1 | −0.61 (−1.10; −0.12)* |
| 26 weeks | 5.4 | 5.9 | −0.24 (−0.72; 0.24) |
| 52 weeks | 5.5 | 5.9 | −0.09 (−0.65; 0.47) |
| Overall effect: χ2 = 8.751; 4df (P = 0.07) | |||
| Self-efficacy (SES)b | |||
| Baseline | 37.5 | 37.7 | |
| 6 weeks | 40.1 | 37.9 | 2.41 (−0.80; 5.61) |
| 13 weeks | 43.4 | 40.1 | 3.55 (−0.49; 7.59) |
| 26 weeks | 41.4 | 41.8 | −0.16 (−4.42; 4.11) |
| 52 weeks | 43.8 | 41.2 | 2.80 (−1.86; 7.46) |
| Overall effect: χ2 = 7.037; 4df (P = 0.13) | |||
PCI-A Pain coping inventory, items active coping; PCI-P pain coping inventory, items passive coping; SES Self-efficacy scale; df degrees of freedom; CI confidence intervals
* P < 0.05
aAdjusted for baseline and ethnic background
bAdjusted for baseline, ethnic background and work status