Table 5.

Perceived social environmental stress regressed on individual-level variables, adjusted for neighborhood effects (Group mean centered models, neighborhood-level variables not shown)

Perceived social environmental stress
Parameter	Individual-level variables only			Model 1a			Model 2b
	Est	SE	p value	Est	SE	p value	Est	SE	p value
Intercept	2.631	0.058	<0.001	2.658	0.051	<0.001	2.647	0.049	<0.001
Individual level
Age	−0.009	0.004	0.028	−0.009	0.004	0.029	−0.009	0.004	0.029
Female (male referent)	−0.269	0.098	0.007	−0.272	0.098	0.006	−0.272	0.098	0.006
Marital status (not married ref)	−0.187	0.099	0.059	−0.188	0.099	0.056	−0.187	0.099	0.059
Race/ethnicity (black ref)
White	0.444	0.155	0.005	0.447	0.155	0.004	0.450	0.155	0.004
Hispanic/Latino	0.292	0.167	0.080	0.294	0.166	0.076	0.396	0.166	0.075
Education (>12 years referent)
<12 years	−0.215	0.123	0.079	−0.213	0.123	0.083	−0.217	0.123	0.077
12 years	−0.219	0.127	0.086	−0.225	0.127	0.075	−0.225	0.126	0.074
Income (>35K referent)
<10K	−0.187	0.160	0.242	−0.187	0.160	0.243	−0.190	0.160	0.236
10–<20K	−0.167	0.146	0.253	−0.167	0.146	0.254	−0.169	0.146	0.249
20–<35K	−0.138	0.152	0.361	−0.139	0.152	0.362	−0.142	0.152	0.350
Number in household	0.016	0.029	0.587	0.016	0.029	0.595	0.016	0.029	0.595
In labor force (not in labor force ref)	−0.064	0.141	0.652	−0.061	0.141	0.669	−0.061	0.141	0.673
Length of residence in neighborhood	−0.003	0.004	0.460	−0.003	0.004	0.456	−0.003	0.004	0.450
Home owner (renter ref)	−0.240	0.132	0.068	−0.244	0.132	0.065	−0.243	0.132	0.066
Neighborhood-level variance	0.714			0.713			0.712
Individual-level variance	0.125			0.090			0.088
ICC	0.149			0.112			0.110

^aModel 1: adjusted for neighborhood percent poverty, percent African American and percent Latino

^bModel 2: adjusted for neighborhood percent poverty, percent African American, percent Latino, and residential stability