Fig. 1.

Model of insulin insulin-like signaling (IIS) and lifespan regulation in adult queen honey bees compared to Drosophila. In honey bees, high nutrition leads to low signaling through the IIS and longer lifespan. Low juvenile hormone (JH) levels increase vitellogenin (Vg) titers, which negatively regulate JH levels through a feedback loop which represses IIS. In fruit flies, high nutrition is associated with a decrease in lifespan. JH hormone levels are positively related to Vg levels. a– c indicate brain, corpora allata, and fat bodies, respectively. Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) are produced in brain, JH in corpora allata, and Vg in fat bodies of insects