Table 1.

Calorie restriction (CR) studies (with no protein restriction) of laboratory rodents that used intact pathogens to test effects on immune function

CR duration classification	Host characteristics			Parasite characteristics		CR characteristics
	Species	Strain	Sex	Species	Type	% Restriction	CR duration (weeks)a	Restricted nutrient	CR effectb	Reference
Acute	Mus musculus	Swiss-Webster	F	Heligmosomoides bakeric	Nematode	30	1.5	Mixed	NC	Kristan and Hammond 2001, 2006
Moderate	Mus musculus	A/J	F	Salmonella typhimurium	Bacteria	50	3	Mixed	+	Peck et al. 1992
	Rattus norvegicus	Fischer 344	M	Streptococcus zooepidemicus	Bacteria	25	3	Carbohydrate	+d	Dong et al. 1998
	Mus musculus	BALB/c	F	Heligmosomoides bakeri	Nematode	18, 21	4	Mixed	NCe, −f	Shi et al. 1995, 1997, 1998
	Mus musculus	BALB/c	F	Heligmosomoides bakeri	Nematode	20, 25	6	Mixed	−	Koski et al. 1999
	Mus musculus	Porton	M	EDIM rotavirus	Virus	15, 30	6	Mixed	NCg	Ahmed et al. 1990
	Mus musculus	C57BL/6	F	MuLVh	Virus	40	8	Carbohydrate	+	Fernandes et al. 1992
	Mus musculus	Porton	M	EDIM rotavirus	Virus	30, 50	11	Mixed	NC	Ahmed et al. 1990
Long-term	Mus musculus	C57BL/6	F	Several	Bacteria	40	20	Mixed	−	Sun et al. 2001
	Mus musculus	C57BL/6	M, F	Heligmosomoides bakeri	Nematode	40	27	Carbohydrate	−	Kristan 2007
	Mus musculus	C57BL/6	M	Influenza Ai	Virus	40	80+	Mixed	−	Gardner 2005

EDIM Epizootic diarrhea of infant mice, MuLV Murine leukemia virus

^aNumber of weeks animals were given CR prior to inoculation with pathogens

^bNC No change with CR, + positive effect of CR, − negative effect of CR

^cFormerly Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Cable et al. 2006)

^dEffects of CR tested following ozone challenge

^eBased on infection intensity at 9 or 11 days post-infection

^fFor infection intensity at 4 and 5 weeks post-infection for both primary and secondary infections

^gBased on antibodies to rotavirus

^hStrain LpBM5

ⁱStrainPuerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1)