Table 4.
Toxicity of engineered and combustion (nano) particles as illustrated by their most unique adverse effects in vivo and in vitro
| Description of finding, in vivo | Particle types |
|---|---|
| NPs cause pulmonary inflammation in the rat | All PSP |
| Later studies show that inflammation is mediated by surface area dose | SWCNT, MWCNT |
| NPs cause more lung tumors than fine particles in rat chronic studies. Effect is surface area mediated | PSP only |
| NPs cause progression of plague formation (ApoE -/- mice) | SWCNT, PM2.5 |
| NPs affect immune response to common allergens | Polystyrene, CB, DEP |
| NsP can have access to systemic circulation upon inhalation and instillation | Specific NP, dependent on surface coating |
| Description of finding, in vitro | |
| NPs cause oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro, by inflammatory action and generation of surface radicals | PSP, NP general, CNT |
| NPs inhibit macrophage phagocytosis, mobility and killing | CB, TiO2 |
| NPs cause platelet aggregation | PM, SWCNT, fullerenes, latex-COOH surface |
| NPs exposure adversely affects cardiac function and vascular homeostasis | PM, SWCNT |
| NPs interfere with Ca-transport and cause increased binding of pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB | CB (< 100 nm), ROFA, PM2.5 |
| NPs can affect mitochondrial function | Ambient NP, |
| NPs can translocate to the brain from the nose | MnO2, Au, carbon |
| NPs do affect rolling in hepatic tissue | CB |