Fig. 1.

Biostratigraphic ranges of 105 taxonomically resolved mammalian lineages from the late Miocene, Siwalik record of the Potwar Plateau. Most artiodactyls, perissodactyls, primates, and rodents are included. Most proboscideans, carnivores, and some small mammals are omitted. Dark lines connect observed first and last occurrences. Thin vertical lines represent 80% confidence intervals, calculated for the majority of lineages. Dashed horizontal lines bracket the interval of major environmental change. Table S1 lists the lineages and age ranges that are the basis for this figure; updated from ref. 11.