Table 1.

Clinical studies of circulating adiponectin levels

Subjects	Major findings	References
Obese subjects	Decreased in obese subjects	Hu et al., (1996) 21
		Arita et al., (1999) 15
Patients with CVD	Decreased in patients with CVD	Ouchi et al., (1999) 37
Nondiabetic and T2DM subjects	Decreased in T2DM patients	Hotta et al., (2000) 28
Obese subjects	Increased after weight loss	Yang et al., (2001) 23
Caucasians and Pima Indians	Associated with IR	Weyer et al., (2001) 153
Pima Indian	Low plasma concentration precedes a decrease in insulin sensitivity	Stefan et al., (2002) 29
Pima Indian	Decreased in T2DM patients	Lindsay et al., (2002) 30
Pima Indian children	An inverse relationship to adiposity	Stefan et al., (2002) 154
Nondiabetic Japanese women	Negative correlation with serum triglyceride	Matsubara et al., (2002) 155
Obese subjects	Increased after weight loss	Bruun et al., (2003) 24
Middle-aged population	Associated with intra-abdominal fat	Cnop et al., (2003) 25
Nondiabetic white volunteers	Positive correlation with HDL-cholesterol	Tschritter et al., (2003) 31
Hypertensive patients	Correlation with vasodilator response	Ouchi et al., (2003) 34
Japanese men	Decreased in patients with CVD	Kumada et al., (2003) 38
Japanese subjects	Connected with endothelial dysfunction	Shimabukuro et al., (2003) 156
Japanese subjects	Decreased in patients with T2DM	Daimon et al., (2003) 157
Apparently healthy individuals	Associated with the risk of T2DM	Spranger et al., (2003) 158
Asian Indians with IGT	Low adiponectin was a strong predictor of T2DM	Snehalatha et al., (2003) 159
Nonobese and obese subjects	Correlation with advantageous lipid profile	Baratta et al., (2004) 32
Japanese men	Decreased in hypertensive men	Iwashima et al., (2004) 33
Male participants	High adiponectin was associated with lower risk of myocardial infarction	Pischon et al., (2004) 39
Whites and African Americans	Higher adiponectin was associated with a lower incidence of T2DM	Duncan et al., (2004) 160
Patients with CVD	Decreased in patients with CVD	Nakamura et al., (2004) 161
Pregnant women	Decreased in patients with gestational DM	Ranheim et al., (2004) 162
Nondiabetic subjects	Obesity-independent association of IR with adiponectin levels	Abbasi et al., (2004) 163
Obese individuals	Decreased in subjects with MS	Xydakis et al., (2004) 164
Healthy premenopausal women	Associated with visceral fat mass	Kwon et al., (2005) 26
Obese juveniles	An inverse relation with the intima media thickness of common carotid arteries	Pilz et al., (2005) 40
Patients with chronic heart failure	High adiponectin was a predictor of mortality	Kistorp et al., (2005) 42
British women	No association with CVD risk	Lawlor et al., (2005) 43
American Indian	No association with later development of CVD	Lindsay et al., (2005) 44
Hispanic children	Inversely associated with IR	Butte et al., (2005) 52
Patients with CVD	Decreased in patients with CVD	Rothenbacher et al., (2005) 165
Middle-aged men	Positive association with lower fat mass	Buemann et al., (2005) 166
Obese children	Low adiponectin was associated with components of MS	Winer et al., (2006) 36
Older Black Americans	High adiponectin was associated with higher risk of CVD	Kanaya et al., (2006) 45
Patients with CVD	High adiponectin was a predictor of mortality	Cavusoglu et al., (2006) 46
Patients with CVD	High adiponectin was a predictor of mortality	Pilz et al., (2006) 50
Pregnant women	Elevated with preeclampsia	Haugen et al., (2006) 59
Patients with congestive heart failure	Positive correlation with disease severity	George et al., (2006) 167
Caucasian	High adiponectin increased the risk of death from all causes	Laughlin et al., (2007) 48
Aged men	High adiponectin increased the risk of death from all causes	Wannamethee et al., (2007) 49
Patients with incident CVD	No association with the prognostic outcome	von Eynatten et al., (2008) 41
General Dutch population	High levels of adiponectin predict mortality	Dekker et al., (2008) 51