Table 4.

Hyperosmotic glucose increases DNA synthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, which is not blocked by inhibition of the P1₃ kinase/GSK3 pathway

Treatment	Control virus	Dominant-negative PI3 kinase (p110α + γ)
Media control	4,190 ± 470	3,149 ± 430
50 mM glucose	14,439 ± 1,245a	10,263 ± 1,060a
1 ng/μl TNFα	10,419 ± 640a	9,128 ± 685a
1 ng/μl HGF	14,670 ± 910a	11,636 ± 1,070a

Hepatocytes were cultured as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS. Hepatocytes were infected with either control recombinant adenovirus (250 moi) or dominant-negative PI₃ kinase p110α and dominant-negative PI₃ kinase p110γ recombinant adenoviruses (125 moi each), followed by culture as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS. After 24 h to allow expression of dominant-negative PI₃ kinase p110α and dominant-negative PI₃ kinase p110γ, hepatocytes were treated with either media control for 24 h, 50 mM glucose, 1 ng/μl TNFα, or 1 ng/μl HGF for 6 h, followed by incubation with unsupplemented media for 18 h (total time in primary culture 48 h). Hepatocytes under all conditions were continually incubated with 2 μCi of [³H]thymidine throughout the final 24 h of culture, after which they were lysed and {³H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was determined as in MATERIALS AND METHODS (n = 6-12). 

^a p < 0.05 versus media control.