TABLE 1.

Ways to achieve realism in simulation

Variable	Things to consider
Students	Must be fully engaged in their learning
	Must be oriented to the capabilities of the simulator
Instructors	Should stay hands-off as much as possible
	Should minimize verbal feedback during simulation
	Should remain out of sight from learners during simulation
Environment	Room design should match resuscitation area in hospital
	Equipment should be familiar to team (crash cart, airway equipment, intravenous equipment, monitors, etc)
	Documentation should be realistic (patient chart and nursing flow sheets)
	Appropriate resources should be made available, eg, telephone, gown and gloves, and blankets
	Multimedia display for test results and clinical findings: x-rays, ECGs, laboratory results, photos (rashes, deformities, etc), or actual patient video (seizures and respiratory distress)
Personnel	Use of multidisciplinary team training
	Team members should assume their normal roles
	Team members may enter in stages
	Consultants may be incorporated into scenarios
	Actors may be added to play roles as necessary

ECGs Electrocardiograms