Percent changes in bone resorption markers (urinary Dpd and NTx) (A) and bone formation markers [serum osteocalcin and N-terminal extension peptide of type I collagen (PINP)] (B) in a group of elderly men (mean age 68 yr) made acutely hypogonadal and treated with an aromatase inhibitor (group A), estrogen alone (group B), testosterone alone (group C), or both (group D). See text for details. Asterisks indicate significance for change from baseline: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. [Adapted from A. Falahati-Nini et al.: J Clin Invest 106:1553–1560, 2000 (137), with permission from the American Society of Clinical Investigation.]