Figure 6. Pam3CSK4 enhances trans-infection of HIV-1.

(A and B) Epidermal sheets or (C–E) epidermal single-cells suspensions were stimulated with TNF-α or Pam3CSK4 (E) after replication-competent HIV-1–eGFP to show where the virus is used. After 6 hours the sheets/cells were inoculated with replication-competent HIV-1–eGFP or single-cycle HIV-1–eGFP (HIV-1 NL4.3-eGFPΔ envelope pseudotyped with the BaL envelope). After 3 days, the epidermal sheets were removed or the cell suspensions were washed and CCR5⁺ Jurkat T cells were added. At day 5, the cocultures were analyzed for GFP expression by flow cytometry. (A) The response to different virus doses is depicted. (B and D) The mean of the responses of different donors are depicted, the values were analyzed by ANOVA for statistical differences. **P < 0.01. Error bars represent the mean ± SD of duplicates.