TABLE 1.
Profile, procedures and outcomes
| Profile | Derivation set 1996 to 2000 | Validation set 2001 to 2002 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 12,683 | 4378 | |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 61±12 | 62±12 | <0.001 |
| Age ≥75 years (%) | 13 | 16 | <0.001 |
| Female sex (%) | 27 | 26 | 0.05 |
| Surgical priority (%) | |||
| Elective | 55 | 60 | |
| Urgent | 42 | 37 | |
| Emergent | 2.8 | 2.8 | <0.001 |
| Left ventricle grade (%) | |||
| 1 | 38 | 44 | |
| 2 | 41 | 25 | |
| 3 | 18 | 17 | |
| 4 | 3.4 | 4.0 | <0.001 |
| Redo CABG (%) | 4.3 | 3.2 | 0.002 |
| Any redo cardiac surgery (%) | 9.5 | 8.1 | 0.007 |
| NYHA classification 4 (%) | 48 | 43 | <0.001 |
| MI < one month preoperation (%) | 15 | 16 | 0.2 |
| Triple vessel disease (%) | 46 | 59 | <0.001 |
| Left main disease (%) | 14 | 19 | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 22 | 22 | 0.9 |
| Diabetes (%) | 23 | 27 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 12 | 16 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 48 | 56 | <0.001 |
| Renal dialysis (%) | 0.7 | 1.2 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine >150 μmol/L (%) | 3.9 | 5.1 | <0.001 |
| COPD (%) | 5.0 | 4.3 | 0.08 |
| Procedures (%) | |||
| Isolated CABG | 67 | 64 | |
| Isolated single valve | 12 | 13 | |
| Valve and CABG | 6.9 | 7.2 | |
| Complex valve | 15 | 17 | |
| Ascending aorta replacement | 5.3 | 6.9 | |
| Adult congenital repair | 4.2 | 3.9 | |
| Left ventricle aneurysmectomy | 1.4 | 1.6 | |
| Ischemic VSD | 0.2 | 0.1 | |
| Myxoma | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Myectomy | 1.0 | 1.8 | |
| Transplant | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Other miscellaneous | 2.2 | 2.7 | 0.9 |
| Outcomes (%) | |||
| Operative mortality | 2.4 | 2.1 | 0.3 |
| MI | 2.2 | 1.9 | 0.2 |
| Low cardiac output syndrome | 5.8 | 4.3 | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 1.5 | 1.6 | 0.8 |
| Postoperative renal failure | 1.4 | 1.7 | <0.001 |
| Sternal wound infection | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| Any adverse event | 9.8 | 8.6 | 0.018 |
| CVLOS, days (mean ± SD) | 2.0±4.7 | 2.6±5.4 | <0.001 |
| Median | 1.04 | 1.08 | |
| Total PLOS, days (mean ± SD) | 8.3±6.9 | 8.8±7.4 | <0.001 |
| Median | 6.0 | 7.0 | |
SD is one standard deviation. Complex valve was defined as surgery on more than one valve, concomitant coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) or more than one previous redo surgery. COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVLOS Cardiovascular intensive care unit length of stay; MI Myocardial infarction; NYHA New York Heart Association; PLOS Postoperative length of stay; VSD Ventricular septal defect