Table 1. Ballistics of spore and sporangium discharge in four coprophilous fungi based upon high speed video analyses and different models for the effects of viscous drag on particle flight.

	Ascobolus immersus	Podospora anserina	Pilobolus kleinii	Basidiobolus ranarum
Measured launch speed (range, median, sample size)	5–18, 14 (12)	10–25, 21 (17)	2–13, 9 (14)	2–9, 4 (10)
Measured maximum acceleration (m s−2)	1,800,000	1,500,000	210,000	1,500,000
Measured maximum range (m)*	0.3	0.2	2.5	0.02
Estimated maximum range (m) using Stokes drag	0.3	0.2	2.9	0.05
Measured turgor pressure (MPa)	0.30 (strain gauge[13])	0.40 (spectroscopy)	0.55 (osmometry [19])	–
	0.40 (spectroscopy)		0.55 (spectroscopy)
Estimated pressure (MPa)**	0.30–1.00	0.11–0.29	0.03–0.17	0.01–0.72

^*Maximum range measurements by authors with exception of P. klenii data published by Buller [19].

^**Pressure estimates (for measured range of launch speeds) were obtained by calculating the force needed to cause the observed projectile accelerations via Newton's second law and the area over which that force was applied.