Table 2.

Risk factors of MIBC as calculated by risk estimate analysis.

	p-value	OR	(95%CI)
Positive family history of bladder cancer	p < 0.001	13.8	(4–47.7)
Exposure to pesticides	p < 0.001	9.4	(5.6–15.8)
Exposure to fertilizers	p < 0.001	7.5	(4.4–12.8)
Bladder stones	p < 0.001	7.0	(3.5–14.2)
Parents' consanguinity	p < 0.001	6.3	(3.9–10.4)
Recurrent cystitis	p < 0.001	6.1	(3.4–11.1)
Bilharziasis	p < 0.001	5.8	(3.3–10.4)
Smoking	p < 0.001	5.3	(3.2–8.7)

OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval.