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. 2008 Jul 23;23(10):1679–1684. doi: 10.1007/s11606-008-0730-x

APPENDIX B.

Association of Perceived Discrimination with Obtaining Screenings for Breast, Cervical, and Prostate Cancer, Adjusted for Covariates

Predictors Preventive measure
MAM PAP PSA
Perceived discrimination in health care Omnibus 0.38 0.10 0.10
Worse 1.05 (0.76,1.45) 0.67 (0.45,1.00) 0.93 (0.59,1.48)
Better 1.14 (0.94,1.37) 0.87 (0.65,1.15) 1.33 (1.02,1.75)
Race/Ethnicity Omnibus <0.001 <0.001 0.02
Hispanic 1.12 (0.78,1.61) 1.76 (1.16,2.66) 0.70 (0.44,1.12)
African American 1.60 (1.33,1.92) 1.85 (1.45,2.37) 1.51 (1.06,2.16)
Age Omnibus <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
(Continuous) 1.03 (1.02,1.04) 0.98 (0.97,0.99) 1.05 (1.03,1.06)
Income Omnibus <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Less than $15 K 0.31 (0.24,0.39) 0.36 (0.26,0.50) 0.51 (0.35,0.74)
$15 K–$25 K 0.44 (0.36,0.53) 0.46 (0.35,0.61) 0.51 (0.37,0.70)
$25 K–$35 K 0.63 (0.52,0.78) 0.61 (0.45,0.84) 0.64 (0.48,0.86)
$35 K–$50 K 0.74 (0.61,0.89) 0.78 (0.57,1.06) 0.81 (0.62,1.05)
Education Omnibus 0.09 <0.001 <0.001
Less than HS 0.75 (0.59,0.96) 0.35 (0.23,0.53) 0.43 (0.30,0.61)
HS graduate 0.84 (0.71,1.00) 0.46 (0.36,0.60) 0.75 (0.58,0.96)
Some college 0.92 (0.78,1.10) 0.75 (0.57,0.98) 0.89 (0.70,1.15)
Healthcare coverage Omnibus 0.002 0.05 <0.001
No 0.72 (0.58,0.88) 0.78 (0.60,1.00) 0.51 (0.37,0.69)
Medical care cost prohibitive Omnibus <0.001 <0.001 0.13
Yes 0.63 (0.52,0.75) 0.61 (0.48,0.77) 0.77 (0.55,1.08)
Health status Omnibus 0.25 0.87 0.12
Fair or poor 1.10 (0.94,1.29) 1.02 (0.82,1.27) 1.21 (0.95,1.54)
State Omnibus <0.001 0.02 0.001
CO 1.10 (0.89,1.35) 1.52 (1.12,2.05) 1.07 (0.79,1.45)
DE 1.98 (1.51,2.60) 1.63 (1.13,2.35) 1.49 (1.05,2.14)
DC 1.26 (0.94,1.69) 1.19 (0.82,1.72) 1.31 (0.85,1.99)
MS 0.96 (0.80,1.16) 1.19 (0.91,1.56) 1.29 (0.96,1.73)
RI 2.09 (1.65,2.66) 1.65 (1.19,2.29) 1.40 (1.01,1.95)
SC 1.15 (0.95,1.39) 1.49 (1.13,1.98) 1.50 (1.13,1.99)
WI 1.28 (1.04,1.58) 1.34 (1.00,1.78) 0.83 (0.62,1.11)

Numbers shown are odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, unless otherwise noted. MAM = Mammogram, PAP = Pap test, PSA = PSA test