Effect of GalA-MRP on wild-type and TRPV1 knockout mice. Mouse tongues were first stimulated with R and then with N + Bz solutions containing increasing concentrations of GalA-MRP maintained at 23 °C (Table 1) using Stimulus Series 1 protocol (see Materials and methods). Representative traces of a Bz-insensitive NaCl CT response are shown for a wild-type (WT) mouse (A) and a TRPV1 knockout (KO) mouse (B) as a function of GalA-MRP concentration. The relation between normalized mean ± standard error of the mean phasic (C) and tonic (D) Bz-insensitive NaCl CT response and log[GalA-MRP] concentration in 3 WT (open circle) and 3 KO (filled circles) are also shown. In WT mice, at 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%, GalA-MRP the paired P values for the phasic response were 0.008, 0.003, 0.0013, and 0.016, respectively and for the tonic response were 0.0006, 0.0006, 0.0001, and 0.012, respectively, with reference to 0 GalA-MRP. In KO mice, the phasic and tonic CT responses were not significantly different from their respective values in the absence of GalA-MRP.