FIG. 4.

Effect of long-term TFV treatment on disease progression in SIV-infected macaques. Disease-free survival curves are presented for all studies that allowed evaluation of the effect of prolonged TFV treatment on SIV disease progression. Data from separately performed studies were pooled for the analysis if all input parameters (age of animals, virus isolate, dose and route of virus inoculation) were very similar. On each graph, the survival curves of TFV-treated and untreated animals were compared using the log rank test. Long-term survivors that are discussed in Results are indicated by arrows. (A) Newborn macaques were inoculated orally with a high dose of SIVmac251, and TFV treatment was started on five animals (29003, 29008, 29045, 29055, and 31042) 3 weeks later (59, 64). Three of these TVF-treated animals developed AIDS while on treatment; one animal, 29003, had TFV interrupted at the age of 95 weeks and developed AIDS at 177 weeks; animal 29045 was lost from the study at the age of 7 years due to an unrelated cause (self-injurious behavior). (B) Twelve newborn macaques were inoculated intravenously with a high dose of K65R mutants of SIV, and 3 weeks later, six of them were started on TFV as described previously (60). TFV-treated animal 29276 is currently AIDS free at the age of 12 years. (C) Four-week-old infant macaques were inoculated orally with SIVmac251, and three animals (32990, 33093, and 33109) were started on TFV treatment approximately 11 weeks later, when animals were already immunosuppressed (64). (D) Eleven juvenile macaques (ages, 12 to 17 months) were inoculated orally with SIVmac251, and five animals were started on TFV treatment 2 weeks later, as described previously (66). Two animals (32137 and 32993) developed AIDS, while the other three animals (32186, 33088, and 33091) are currently AIDS free after more than 6 years of SIV infection.