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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurobiol Aging. 2007 Apr 11;29(9):1394–1403. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.03.006

Table 4.

Multivariable-adjusted* mean difference in global cognitive performance†(1995–2001) by quartiles of individual carotenoids and tocopherols (1989–1990)

Mean Difference in Global Score (95% Confidence Interval)
Plasma Antioxidant 1st Q (REF 2nd Q 3rd Q 4th Q P for linear trend
α-carotene 0 0.18 (−0.04, 0.31) 0.07 (−0.07, 0.21) −0.01 (−0.13, 0.15) 0.57
β-carotene 0 0.07 (−0.06, 0.20) 0.04 (−0.09, 0.18) −0.05 (−0.19, 0.09) 0.50
Lutein / Zeaxanthin 0 0.08 (−0.05, 0.21) 0.12 (−0.01, 0.26) 0.07 (−0.07, 0.20) 0.37
Lycopene 0 0.13 (0.00, 0.26) 0.06 (−0.08, 0.19) −0.01 (−0.14, 0.12) 0.24
β-cryptoxanthin 0 −0.01 (−0.14, 0.12) 0.01 (−0.13, 0.15) 0.03 (−0.11, 0.17) 0.83
Retinol 0 0.13 (−0.01, 0.26) 0.05 (−0.09, 0.19) 0.08 (−0.05, 0.22) 0.44
α-tocopherol 0 −0.05 (−0.18, 0.07) −0.02 (−0.16, 0.11) 0.06 (−0.08, 0.20) 0.27
γ-tocopherol 0 0.01 (−0.12, 0.14) −0.15 (−0.28, −0.01) −0.03 (−0.17, 0.10) 0.35
*

Adjusted for the same covariates in the footnotes to Table 2