Table 3.

Excess risk (ER; %) of mortality (95% CI) for a 10-μg/m³ increase in the average concentration of lag 0–1 days by main effect estimates of individual cities and combined random effects.

		Bangkok		Hong Kong		Shanghai		Wuhan		Random effects (4 cities)		Random effects (3 Chinese cities)
	Pollutant	ER	95% CI	ER	95% CI	ER	95% CI	ER	95% CI	ER	95% CI	ER	95% CI
All natural causes	NO2	1.41	0.89 to 1.95	0.90	0.58 to 1.23	0.97	0.66 to 1.27	1.97	1.31 to 2.63	1.23	0.84 to 1.62*	1.19	0.71 to 1.66*
(all ages)	SO2	1.61	0.08 to 3.16	0.87	0.38 to 1.36	0.95	0.62 to 1.28	1.19	0.65 to 1.74	1.00	0.75 to 1.24	0.98	0.74 to 1.23
	PM10	1.25	0.82 to 1.69	0.53	0.26 to 0.81	0.26	0.14 to 0.37	0.43	0.24 to 0.62	0.55	0.26 to 0.85#	0.37	0.21 to 0.54
	O3	0.63	0.30 to 0.95	0.32	0.01 to 0.62	0.31	0.04 to 0.58	0.29	−0.05 to 0.63	0.38	0.23 to 0.53	0.31	0.13 to 0.48
Cardiovascular	NO2	1.78	0.47 to 3.10	1.23	0.64 to 1.82	1.01	0.55 to 1.47	2.12	1.18 to 3.06	1.36	0.89 to 1.82	1.32	0.79 to 1.86
	SO2	0.77	−2.98 to 4.67	1.19	0.29 to 2.10	0.91	0.42 to 1.41	1.47	0.70 to 2.25	1.09	0.71 to 1.47	1.09	0.72 to 1.47
	PM10	1.90	0.80 to 3.01	0.61	0.11 to 1.10	0.27	0.10 to 0.44	0.57	0.31 to 0.84	0.58	0.22 to 0.93**	0.44	0.19 to 0.68
	O3	0.82	0.03 to 1.63	0.62	0.06 to 1.19	0.38	−0.03 to 0.80	−0.07	−0.53 to 0.39	0.37	0.01 to 0.73	0.29	−0.09 to 0.68
Respiratory	NO2	1.05	−0.60 to 2.72	1.15	0.42 to 1.88	1.22	0.42 to 2.01	3.68	1.77 to 5.63	1.48	0.68 to 2.28	1.63	0.62 to 2.64*
	SO2	1.66	−3.09 to 6.64	1.28	0.19 to 2.39	1.37	0.51 to 2.23	2.11	0.60 to 3.65	1.47	0.85 to 2.08	1.46	0.84 to 2.08
	PM10	1.01	−0.36 to 2.40	0.83	0.23 to 1.44	0.27	−0.01 to 0.56	0.87	0.34 to 1.41	0.62	0.22 to 1.02	0.60	0.16 to 1.04
	O3	0.89	−0.10 to 1.90	0.22	−0.46 to 0.91	0.29	−0.44 to 1.03	0.12	−0.89 to 1.15	0.34	−0.07 to 0.75	0.23	−0.22 to 0.68

p-Values (homogeneity test):

^*0.01 < p ≤ 0.05;

^**0.001 < p ≤ 0.01; and

^#p ≤ 0.001.