Table 1.
Frequency distributions, geometric mean 24-hr urinary cadmium outputs, and mean pulmonary function measurements at baseline stratified by age, height, and smoking status (n = 96).
| Variable | No. (%) | 24-hr U-Cd (ng)a | FEV1 (% predicted)b | FVC (% predicted)b | FEV1/FVC ratio (%)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline age (years) | |||||
| < 65 | 36 (37.5) | 615.5 (1.9) | 95.3 (14.8) | 91.9 (12.3) | 78.3 (7.2) |
| 65–70 | 26 (27.1) | 566.9 (2.2) | 91.2 (17.4) | 90.8 (13.4) | 74.2 (8.2) |
| > 70 | 34 (35.4) | 577.2 (1.8) | 92.3 (20.9) | 87.0 (12.8) | 76.4 (12.2) |
| p for trend | 0.68 | 0.48 | 0.11 | 0.39 | |
| Baseline height (cm) | |||||
| < 170 | 28 (29.2) | 573.1 (2.0) | 98.4 (14.4) | 91.9 (10.3) | 78.9 (8.6) |
| 170–180 | 26 (27.1) | 585.9 (2.1) | 91.3 (18.6) | 90.1 (13.7) | 72.5 (11.3) |
| > 180 | 42 (43.8) | 600.4 (1.8) | 89.6 (19.2) | 85.0 (13.6) | 77.4 (8.4) |
| p for trend | 0.93 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.43 | |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never | 35 (36.5) | 394.3 (2.0) | 97.5 (16.8) | 91.8 (12.5) | 78.6 (8.9) |
| Former (0–30 pack-years) | 32 (33.3) | 621.5 (1.5) | 97.7 (15.3) | 92.8 (11.2) | 77.9 (8.4) |
| Former (> 30 pack-years) | 18 (18.8) | 766.0 (1.8) | 86.3 (18.3) | 83.8 (12.6) | 75.3 (11.8) |
| Current | 11 (11.5) | 1165.0 (1.6) | 77.5 (15.7) | 85.3 (15.7) | 67.8 (6.2) |
| p for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.027 | 0.002 | |
a
Geometric mean (geometric SD).
b
Arithmetic mean (SD).