Figure 2.—

atl-1 is required for effective mtDNA replication during germline proliferation. The copy numbers of chrDNA (A) or mtDNA (B) in wild-type hermaphrodites and atl-1(tm853) homozygous mutants were measured using real-time PCR; data were normalized relative to wild-type L1 stage larvae. Total DNA was isolated from L1, L3, and L4 larvae, as well as from 3-, 5-, and 7-day-old hermaphrodites. Values represent means obtained from five synchronized but independent worms. Vertical bars indicate standard error. *, **, and *** show statistical significance at P < 0.05, <0.01, and < 0.001, respectively (Student's t-test).