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High-speed images of laser-induced optical breakdown in water. SW1: shock wave produced by the laser spark: SW2: shock wave produced by bubble collapse. Laser energy level E=9.3% [(a) and (c)] and 65% (b), respectively; interframe time (IFT)=0.2 μs [(a) and (b)] and 10 μs (c), respectively; the height of each image frame is 1.7 mm.
