Table 1.

Demographic characteristics

Variable	Controls (n = 20)	Patients (n = 30)
Age (years) (mean ± SE)	28 ± 3	41 ± 2
Number of females	14 (60)	21 (60)
BMI (kg m-2) (mean ± SE)	24 ± 1	26 ± 1
Breath hydroge response
Abnormal – fructose	13 (65)	21 (70)
Abnormal – HFC	4 (20)	9 (30)
Abnormal – fructose and HFCS	4 (20)	9 (30)
Normal – fructose HFCS	7 (35)	9 (30)
Symptoms after fructose
Flatulence	4 (20)	9 (30)
Bloating	5 (25)	10 (33)
Nausea	2 (10)	8 (27)
Abdominal pain	2 (10)	9 (30)
Symptoms after HFCS
Flatulence	2 (10)	6 (20)
Bloating	1 (5);	10 (33)
Nausea	0	8 (27)
Abdominal pain	0	9 (30)

All values except age and BMI are N (%) of group total. HFCS, high fructose corn syrup; BMI, body mass index.