Table III.
Odds ratio of prostate cancer by plasma cholesterol concentration, 698 matched pairs nested in the health professionals follow-up study
| Prostate cancer | Quartile of plasma cholesterol | p trend | Q1 versus above4 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||
| Total | ||||||
| No. cases / controls | 162 / 173 | 173 / 175 | 189 / 176 | 174 / 174 | 162/173 versus 536/525 | |
| OR1 | 1.00 | 1.06 | 1.15 | 1.07 | 0.56 | 0.92 |
| OR2 | 1.00 | 1.04 | 1.15 | 1.05 | 0.63 | 0.93 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 0.76-1.41 | 0.85-1.56 | 0.77-1.43 | 0.72-1.20 | |
| OR3 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.15 | 1.05 | 0.60 | 0.93 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 0.74-1.41 | 0.84-1.59 | 0.76-1.45 | 0.72-1.21 | |
|
| ||||||
| Organ-confined | ||||||
| No. cases / controls | 114/128 | 131/134 | 143/130 | 130/126 | 114/128 versus 404/390 | |
| OR1 | 1.00 | 1.10 | 1.24 | 1.16 | 0.33 | 0.86 |
| OR2 | 1.00 | 1.04 | 1.27 | 1.14 | 0.31 | 0.87 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 0.75-1.50 | 0.88-1.82 | 0.79-1.65 | 0.64-1.18 | |
| OR3 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.23 | 1.10 | 0.44 | 0.89 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 0.71-1.50 | 0.85-1.79 | 0.75-1.61 | 0.66-1.22 | |
|
| ||||||
| Advanced | ||||||
| No. cases / controls | 14 / 17 | 19 / 18 | 15 / 11 | 13 / 15 | 14/17 versus 47/44 | |
| OR1 | 1.00 | 1.31 | 1.69 | 1.05 | 0.80 | 0.75 |
| OR2 | 1.00 | 3.58 | 3.22 | 1.13 | 0.65 | 0.42 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 0.82-15.7 | 0.64-16.2 | 0.25-5.17 | 0.13-1.36 | |
| OR3 | 1.00 | 1.63 | 2.60 | 1.15 | 0.75 | 0.60 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 0.52-5.05 | 0.70-9.63 | 0.32-4.20 | 0.23-1.61 | |
|
| ||||||
| Low grade | ||||||
| No. cases / controls | 93 / 93 | 97 / 104 | 111 / 91 | 85 / 98 | 93/93 versus 293/293 | |
| OR1 | 1.00 | 0.93 | 1.23 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 1.00 |
| OR2 | 1.00 | 0.86 | 1.19 | 0.83 | 0.75 | 1.06 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 0.56-1.29 | 0.78-1.83 | 0.54-1.27 | 0.75-1.51 | |
| OR3 | 1.00 | 0.89 | 1.18 | 0.81 | 0.66 | 1.05 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 0.58-1.39 | 0.77-1.83 | 0.52-1.27 | 0.73-1.50 | |
|
| ||||||
| High grade | ||||||
| No. cases / controls | 50 / 68 | 63 / 57 | 63 / 61 | 71 / 61 | 50/68 versus 197/179 | |
| OR1 | 1.00 | 1.53 | 1.40 | 1.60 | 0.11 | 0.67 |
| OR2 | 1.00 | 1.79 | 1.49 | 1.68 | 0.13 | 0.61 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 1.00-3.20 | 0.87-2.55 | 0.96-2.96 | 0.39-0.98 | |
| OR3 | 1.00 | 1.38 | 1.48 | 1.47 | 0.17 | 0.69 |
| 95% CI | Reference | 0.80-2.40 | 0.85-2.57 | 0.85-2.54 | 0.44-1.08 | |
Estimated from a conditional logistic regression model.
Estimated from a conditional logistic regression model and adjusted for family history of prostate cancer, height, vigorous physical activity, diabetes mellitus, vasectomy, cigarette smoking in the past 10 years, intake of energy, red meat, fish, and alcohol, intake of energy-adjusted lycopene, calcium, fructose, and α-linolenic acid, and supplemental vitamin E and selenium.
Estimated from a logistic regression model after excluding men who ever used cholesterol-lowering drugs and adjusted for age, PSA test before blood draw, family history of prostate cancer, height, vigorous physical activity, diabetes mellitus, vasectomy, cigarette smoking in the past 10 years, intake of energy, red meat, fish, and alcohol, intake of energy-adjusted lycopene, calcium, fructose, and α-linolenic acid, and supplemental vitamin E and selenium.
Cutpoints differed by analytical batch (see Material and methods for details): 1996 192.8 mg/dL, 1998 185.7 mg/dL, and 2000 140.1 mg/dL).