Fig. 5.

The phorbol ester PMA reverses the inhibitory effects of IFN on enterocyte migration. PMA reverses the inhibitory effects of IFN on enterocyte migration. IEC-6 cells were induced to migrate across a scraped wound as described in methods after being either untreated (A and B) or treated with IFN in the absence (C and D) or presence (E and F) of PMA or were treated with PMA alone (G and H). Shown are representative images from a typical experiment at the beginning (t = 0) of the experiment and 14 h later (t = 14 h), where the dotted line indicates the position of the cells at the edge of the scraped wound, at t = 0. I: quantification of migration rate. Where indicated, IEC-6 cells were treated with IFN in the presence or absence of PMA, as well as the PKC inhibitor calphostin (100 nm, 1 h) or the lipid raft inhibitor 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HpB, 5 mg/ml). Shown are means ± SE of 3 separate experiments with over 50 cells per condition, *P < 0.05 by ANOVA compared with untreated cells.