Increased gastric epithelial cell proliferation in response to H. pylori and uPA. A: H. pylori stimulated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation of human primary gastric epithelial cells, and this was enhanced by PAI-1 knockdown. B: addition of uPA (500 ng/ml) mimicked the stimulatory effect of H. pylori on BrdU incorporation, and this was also enhanced by PAI-1 knockdown. C: representative examples of BrdU-labeled cells (right, arrows) in control (top) and uPA-treated glands; DAPI staining of all nuclei shown on left; n = 4, P < 0.05, ANOVA (*control vs. H. pylori or uPA; **H. pylori or uPA along compared with PAI-1). CSO, control scrambled oligonucleotides.