TABLE 3.
Clinical outcomes
| Outcome | No. (%) of patients
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Cefepime (n = 108) | Imipenem-cilastatin (n = 101) | |
| Success | 76 (70) | 75 (74) |
| Cured | 42 (39) | 43 (43) |
| Improved | 34 (31) | 32 (32) |
| Failure | 32 (30) | 26 (26) |
| Causes of failure: | ||
| Resistant pathogen | 7a | 8b |
| New infection | 7c | 5d |
| Lack of improvement of signs or symptoms | 6 | 7 |
| Worsening of signs or symptoms | 6 | 4 |
| Progression of X-ray infiltrates | 1 | |
| Death due to pneumonia | 3 | 1 |
| New signs or symptoms | 2 | |
| Adverse event | 1 | |
K. pneumoniae, three patients; L. pneumophila, P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens, A. anitratus, one patient each.
P. aeruginosa, five patients; S. aureus, two patients; S. marcescens, one patient.
Breakthrough bacteremias, five patients (two patients infected with K. pneumoniae; one patient infected with E. faecium; one patient infected with methicillin-sensitive S. aureus; and one patient with mixed infection due to K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, and P. aeruginosa); new pneumonia, one patient (due to P. aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant S. aureus); intra-abdominal infection, one patient (E. coli and Acinetobacter spp.). None of the K. pneumoniae isolates responsible for breakthrough bacteremia produced an ESBL.
Breakthrough bacteremias, two patients (one patient infected with methicillin-resistant S. aureus and one patient infected with K. pneumoniae); new pneumonia, one patient (due to B. cepacia); extrapulmonary infections two patients (C. difficile colitis).