Table 5.

Previously characterised flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes in wheat.

	Gene cloning			Mapping
Enzyme	Cloning approach	Number of cloned copies	Genbank accessions; references	Chromosome location; references
PAL – phenylalanine ammonialyase	Isolation from genomic library	2 complete	X99705[41,42]	3A, 3B, 3D, 6A, 6B, 6D [7]
CHS – chalcone synthase	PCR-based cloning	4 complete	AY286093, AY286095, AY286096, AY286097[43]	1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D [7]
CHI – chalcone-flavanone isomerase	PCR-based cloning	1 partial	AB187026[11]	5A, 5B, 5D [7]
F3H – flavanone 3-hydroxylase	PCR-based cloning	1 partial	AB187027[11]	-
F3'5'H – flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase	PCR-based cloning	1 partial	AY519468[43]	-
DFR – dihydroflavonol-4-reductase	PCR-based cloning	3 complete	AB162138, AB162139, AB162140[44]	3AL, 3BL, 3DL [44,45]
ANS – anthocyanidin synthase	Not described	5 complete	AB247917, AB247918, AB247919, AB247920, AB247921[46]	6AS (2 copies), 6BS (2 copies), 6DS [46]
FMT – flavonoid 7-O-methyltransferase	-	-	-	1A, 1B, 1D [7]