Table 2.
Plasma arterial and venous concentrations of t-PA antigen (ng ml−1) at baseline and in response to bradykinin (ng (100 ml tissue)−1 min−1) and sodium nitroprusside (μg (100 ml tissue)−1 min−1) in the normal weight and overweight/obese adults
| Bradykinin | Sodium nitroprusside | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12.5 | 25.0 | 50.0 | Baseline | 1.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | |
| Cross-sectional Study | ||||||||
| Normal weight | ||||||||
| Venous concentration | 9.3 ± 1.0 | 12.7 ± 0.9* | 14.7 ± 0.9* | 19.2 ± 1.0* | 8.6 ± 1.1 | 8.8 ± 1.1 | 8.8 ± 0.8 | 9.1 ± 1.2 |
| Arterial concentration | 8.9 ± 0.9 | 9.1 ± 0.9 | 9.9 ± 0.9 | 10.5 ± 0.8 | 8.8 ± 1.0 | 8.4 ± 1.0 | 8.5 ± 0.9 | 9.5 ± 1.3 |
| Overweight/obese | ||||||||
| Venous concentration | 10.1 ± 0.8 | 13.0 ± 1.0 | 14.1 ± 1.1* | 17.6 ± 1.4* | 9.9 ± 1.2 | 10.3 ± 1.1 | 11.2 ± 1.4 | 11.3 ± 1.8 |
| Arterial concentration | 9.9 ± 0.8 | 10.7 ± 0.9 | 11.0 ± 0.9 | 11.5 ± 0.9 | 10.1 ± 1.2 | 10.5 ± 1.1 | 11.0 ± 1.5 | 11.0 ± 1.8 |
| Intra-arterial vitamin C | ||||||||
| Saline | ||||||||
| Normal weight | ||||||||
| Venous concentration | 10.1 ± 1.8 | 13.3 ± 1.2 | 15.6 ± 1.1* | 19.6 ± 0.9* | 9.4 ± 1.7 | 9.6 ± 1.7 | 9.6 ± 1.1 | 9.7 ± 1.9 |
| Arterial concentration | 9.0 ± 1.5 | 9.5 ± 1.4 | 10.7 ± 1.2 | 10.6 ± 1.3 | 9.3 ± 1.5 | 9.0 ± 1.4 | 8.7 ± 1.3 | 10.5 ± 2.0 |
| Overweight/obese | ||||||||
| Venous concentration | 9.7 ± 1.6 | 11.6 ± 1.7 | 13.8 ± 1.9 | 16.9 ± 2.3* | 9.1 ± 1.6 | 9.7 ± 1.6 | 10.2 ± 1.7 | 9.6 ± 1.6 |
| Arterial concentration | 10.0 ± 1.6 | 10.2 ± 1.5 | 11.1 ± 1.6 | 11.8 ± 1.7 | 9.5 ± 1.6 | 9.9 ± 1.6 | 10.0 ± 1.5 | 9.9 ± 1.6 |
| Vitamin C | ||||||||
| Normal weight | ||||||||
| Venous concentration | 8.5 ± 1.5 | 14.2 ± 1.0* | 16.3 ± 1.6* | 18.8 ± 1.3* | 7.2 ± 2.3 | 6.3 ± 1.5 | 9.0 ± 2.9 | 9.0 ± 2.5 |
| Arterial concentration | 9.2 ± 1.8 | 9.6 ± 1.6 | 10.6 ± 1.3 | 9.3 ± 1.3 | 8.8 ± 2.1 | 7.5 ± 1.6 | 6.6 ± 1.4 | 7.7 ± 2.3 |
| Overweight/obese | ||||||||
| Venous concentration | 9.0 ± 1.6 | 13.7 ± 1.5 | 14.6 ± 1.7* | 19.9 ± 2.8* | 5.3 ± 4.7 | 6.2 ± 5.1 | 7.4 ± 5.8 | 6.7 ± 6.0 |
| Arterial concentration | 9.0 ± 1.5 | 10.0 ± 1.5 | 10.2 ± 1.5 | 11.1 ± 1.7 | 6.7 ± 6.0 | 6.7 ± 5.6 | 6.5 ± 5.8 | 6.5 ± 5.8 |
| Vitamin C Intervention | ||||||||
| Before supplementation | ||||||||
| Venous concentration | 10.5 ± 0.9 | 13.8 ± 1.1 | 14.7 ± 1.2* | 18.6 ± 1.6* | 10.4 ± 1.4 | 10.6 ± 1.3 | 11.6 ± 1.7 | 11.9 ± 2.3 |
| Arterial concentration | 10.3 ± 0.9 | 11.2 ± 1.0 | 11.3 ± 0.9 | 11.9 ± 0.9 | 10.5 ± 1.4 | 10.9 ± 1.8 | 11.3 ± 1.9 | 11.5 ± 2.3 |
| After supplementation | ||||||||
| Venous concentration | 13.1 ± 1.1 | 16.5 ± 1.4 | 18.0 ± 1.5* | 20.7 ± 1.4* | 12.8 ± 1.7 | 13.8 ± 3.0 | 13.2 ± 1.6 | 11.8 ± 1.2 |
| Arterial concentration | 13.2 ± 1.2 | 13.4 ± 1.2 | 13.3 ± 1.0 | 13.5 ± 1.0 | 12.3 ± 1.4 | 12.3 ± 1.5 | 12.6 ± 1.5 | 12.0 ± 1.2 |
*
P < 0.05 versus baseline same group.