Table 1.
Developmental Changes by Age in TMS-Derived Neurophysiological Measurements
| Decrease | No Change | Increase | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Motor Threshold | |||
| Crossed, Relaxed | |||
| Masur et al (1995)26 | From 3 to 14 y | ||
| Muller et al (1991)27 | From 2 wk to 10 y | ||
| Nezu et al (1997)28 | From 1 y to adult | ||
| Moll et al (1999)31 | From 8 to 16 y | ||
| Crossed, Facilitated | |||
| Eyre et al (2001)25 | From 1 to 16 y | From neo to 3 mo | |
| Heinen et al (1998)29 | 4 to 7 y vs adult | ||
| Mall et al (2004)30 | From 6 y to adult | ||
| Masur et al (1995)26 | From 3 to 14 y | ||
| Moll et al (1999)31 | From 8 to 16 y | ||
| Uncrossed, Facilitated | |||
| Eyre et al (2001)25 | From 1 to 16 y | From neo to 3 mo | |
| Central Motor Conduction Time | |||
| Crossed, Relaxed | |||
| Fietzek et al (2000)32 | From 2 mo to 10 y | From 10 y to 40 y | |
| Heinen et al (1998)33 | 6 to 9 y vs adult | ||
| Nezu et al (1997)28 | From 1 to 12 y | 12 to 14 y vs adult | |
| Muller et al (1992)35 | From 2 to 13 ya | ||
| Muller et al (1991)27 | From 2 wk to 10 y | ||
| Muller et al (1991)27 | From 2 wk to 13 ya | ||
| Crossed, Facilitated | |||
| Eyre et al (2001)25 | From neo to 15 mo | From 15 mo to 16 y | |
| Fietzek et al (2000)32 | From 2 mo to 5 y | From 5 to 40 y | |
| Heinen et al (1998)33 | 6 to 9 y vs adult | ||
| Muller et al (1997)36 | 3 to 11 y vs adult | ||
| Nezu et al (1999)34 | From 2 to 10 y | 10 to 13 y vs adult | |
| Uncrossed, Facilitated | |||
| Eyre et al (2001)25 | From neo to 16 y | ||
| Motor Evoked Potential Latency | |||
| Crossed, Relaxed | |||
| Caramia et al (1993)37 | From 2 to 12 y | ||
| Nezu et al (1997)28 | From 1 y to adult | ||
| Crossed, Facilitated | |||
| Caramia et al (1993)37 | From 2 to 12 y | ||
| Koh and Eyre (1988)38 | From preme to 8 y | From preme to 8 ya | |
| Uncrossed, Facilitated | |||
| Muller et al (1997)36 | Absent after 10 y | Longer than crossed until 10 \ | |
| Motor Evoked Potential Duration | |||
| Crossed, Relaxed | |||
| Nezu et al (1997)28 | From 1 y to adult | ||
| Motor Evoked Potential Amplitude | |||
| Crossed, Relaxed | |||
| Muller et al (1991)27 | From 2 wk to 10 y | ||
| Nezu et al (1997)28 | From 1 to 10 y | From 10 y to adult | |
| Silent Period | |||
| Contralateral, Latency | |||
| Heinen et al (1998)33 | 6 to 9 y vs adult | ||
| Masur et al (1995)26 | From 3 to 14 y | ||
| Contralateral, Duration | |||
| Heinen et al (1998)33 | 4 to 6 y vs adult | ||
| Moll et al (1999)31 | From 8 to 16 y | ||
| Ipsilateral, Latency | |||
| Garvey et al (2003)39 | From 6 y to adult | ||
| Heinen et al (1998)29 | 4 to 6 y vs adult | ||
| Heinen et al (1999)40 | 10 to 15 y vs adult | ||
| Masur et al (1995)26 | From 3 to 14 y | ||
| Ipsilateral, Duration | |||
| Garvey et al (2003)39 | From 6 y to adult | ||
| Intracortical Inhibition | |||
| Bender et al (2005)41 | From 6 to 10 y | ||
| Mall et al (2004)30 | From 6 y to adult | ||
| Moll et al (1999)31 | From 8 to 16 y | ||
NOTE: neo = neonate; preme = premature neonate.
a
Certain studies have corrected parameters for height of the participant.