Table 2.
Relationship Between Risk Factors for Mortality and Baseline Characteristics by Survival Over Follow-Up Period
| Baseline characteristic | Dead | Alive | X2 (P value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||
| Women | 930 (15) | 5222 (85) | 175.90 (P < 0.0001) |
| Men | 947 (26) | 2690 (74) | |
| Age, y | |||
| 32–39 | 20 (1) | 1366 (99) | 2668.88 (P < 0.0001) |
| 40–49 | 79 (3) | 2263 (97) | |
| 50–59 | 174 (7) | 1904 (93) | |
| 60–69 | 336 (18) | 1249 (81) | |
| 70–79 | 812 (43) | 883 (57) | |
| 80–86 | 456 (60) | 247 (40) | |
| High-school graduate | |||
| Yes | 737 (12) | 5279 (88) | 482.82 (P < 0.0001) |
| No | 1140 (30) | 2633 (70) | |
| Income, $ | |||
| ≥ 10,000 | 967 (14) | 6132 (86) | 513.99 (P < 0.0001) |
| < 10,000 | 910 (34) | 1780 (66) | |
| Physical activitya | |||
| 6 | 118 (13) | 806 (87) | 514.28 (P < 0.0001) |
| 5 | 180 (11) | 1449 (89) | |
| 4 | 662 (17) | 3346 (83) | |
| 3 | 398 (20) | 1578 (80) | |
| 2 | 519 (40) | 733 (60) | |
| Cigarettes smoked/day | |||
| 0 | 1430 (20) | 5649 (80) | 38.55 (P < 0.0001) |
| 1 | 42 (18) | 194 (82) | |
| 5 | 51 (22) | 178 (78) | |
| 10 | 131 (21) | 493 (79) | |
| 20 | 223 (14) | 1398 (86) | |
| Depression | |||
| No | 1430 (18) | 6569 (82) | 47.51 (P < 0.0001) |
| Yes | 447 (25) | 1343 (75) | |
| Diabetes | |||
| No | 1578 (17) | 7502 (83) | 260.85 (P < 0.0001) |
| Yes | 299 (42) | 410 (58) | |
| BMI | |||
| Underweight | 103 (44) | 133 (56) | 97.45 (P < 0.0001) |
| Normal weight | 791 (19) | 3329 (81) | |
| Overweight | 647 (19) | 2841 (81) | |
| Obese | 307 (18) | 1442 (82) | |
| Morbidly obese | 29 (15) | 167 (85) | |
| Hypertension | |||
| No | 388 (10) | 3665 (90) | 411.44 (P < 0.0001) |
| Yes | 1489 (26) | 4247 (74) | |
| Cancer | |||
| No | 1556 (17) | 7358 (83) | 190.12 (P < 0.0001) |
| Yes | 321 (37) | 554 (63) | |
| Living arrangements | |||
| With others | 1302 (16) | 6921 (84) | 370.20 (P < 0.0001) |
| Alone | 575 (37) | 991 (63) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 1578 (19) | 6791 (81) | 11.10 (P = 0.0039) |
| African American | 273 (22) | 959 (78) | |
| Other | 26 (14) | 162 (86) | |
| Daytime sleepiness | |||
| Never | 505 (16) | 2677 (84) | 476.08 (P < 0.0001) |
| Rarely | 313 (12) | 2227 (88) | |
| Sometimes | 422 (18) | 1910 (82) | |
| Often | 273 (31) | 594 (69) | |
| Almost always | 364 (42) | 504 (58) | |
| Nighttime awakeninga | |||
| Never | 449 (20) | 1843 (80) | 118.80 (P < 0.0001) |
| Rarely | 378 (14) | 2317 (86) | |
| Sometimes | 472 (18) | 2098 (82) | |
| Often | 294 (24) | 931 (76) | |
| Almost always | 284 (28) | 723 (72) | |
| Sleeping pill use | |||
| No | 1656 (18) | 7353 (82) | 45.87 (P < 0.0001) |
| Yes | 221 (28) | 559 (72) | |
| General healtha | |||
| Excellent | 162 (8) | 1876 (92) | 821.37 (P < 0.0001) |
| Very Good | 319 (12) | 2313 (88) | |
| Good | 546 (19) | 2321 (81) | |
| Fair | 533 (33) | 1067 (67) | |
| Poor | 317 (49) | 335 (51) |
Data are presented as number (%).
a
Activity level is rated from 6, high, to 2, low. Depression yes and no correspond with a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale of ≥ 16 and < 16, respectively.