Table 5.
Hazards Ratios (95% Confidence Interval) for Mortality Over the Follow-Up Period by Sleep Duration at Baseline
| Amount of sleep, h | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | Model 4d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample (n = 9789) | ||||
| ≤ 5 | 2.08 (1.77–2.45) | 1.28 (1.08–1.52) | 1.26 (1.06–1.49) | 1.17 (0.99–1.39) |
| 6 | 1.17 (1.01–1.36) | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 0.96 (0.83–1.12) | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) |
| 7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 8 | 1.60 (1.41–1.82) | 1.23 (1.08–1.39) | 1.22 (1.07–1.39) | 1.23 (1.08–1.39) |
| ≥ 9 | 3.18 (2.74–3.69) | 1.40 (1.20–1.62) | 1.37 (1.17–1.59) | 1.34 (1.15–1.56) |
| Aged 32–59 (n = 5806) | ||||
| ≤ 5 | 1.51 (0.96–2.28) | 0.82 (0.53–1.28) | 0.76 (0.49–1.19) | 0.67 (0.43–1.05) |
| 6 | 0.95 (0.67–1.36) | 0.84 (0.59–1.19) | 0.81 (0.56–1.15) | 0.75 (0.53–1.08) |
| 7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 8 | 1.11 (0.82–1.51) | 1.09 (0.80–1.47) | 1.05 (0.77–1.43) | 1.02 (0.75–1.38) |
| ≥ 9 | 1.90 (1.22–2.96) | 1.35 (0.86–2.12) | 1.19 (0.76–1.88) | 1.04 (0.66–1.65) |
| Aged 60–86 (n = 3983) | ||||
| ≤ 5 | 1.72 (1.44–2.06) | 1.36 (1.13–1.64) | 1.34 (1.11–1.61) | 1.27 (1.06–1.53) |
| 6 | 1.14 (0.96–1.35) | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 0.99 (0.84–1.18) | 0.98 (0.83–1.17) |
| 7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 8 | 1.38 (1.20–1.59) | 1.25 (1.08–1.44) | 1.24 (1.08–1.43) | 1.25 (1.09–1.44) |
| ≥ 9 | 1.98 (1.68–2.32) | 1.41 (1.19–1.66) | 1.38 (1.17–1.63) | 1.36 (1.15–1.60) |
a
Model 1 – Unadjusted.
b
Model 2 – Adjusted for age, physical activity, smoking, depression, sex, education, living alone, low income, daytime sleepiness, nighttime awakening, ethnicity, and sleeping pill use.
c
Model 3 – Adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus body weight, diabetes, and hypertension.
d
Model 4 – Adjusted for variables in Model 3 plus general health and cancer.