Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants Stratified by Diabetes Status; Rancho Bernardo CA, 1984-87
| Variable | Total Population (N=1,664) |
Normal Glucose (N=1,317) |
Diabetes (N=347) |
p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Walking | ||||
| Non-walker | 666 (40.0) | 525 (39.8) | 141 (40.6) | 0.15 |
| > 1 mile walker | 585 (35.2) | 452 (34.3) | 133 (38.3) | |
| ≥ 1 mile walker | 413 (24.8) | 340 (25.8) | 73 (21.0) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 923 (55.5) | 757 (57.5) | 166 (47.8) | 0.001 |
| Male | 741 (44.5) | 560 (42.5) | 181 (52.2) | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 50-59 | 293 (17.6) | 266 (20.2) | 27 (7.8) | < 0.0001 |
| 60-69 | 439 (26.4) | 374 (28.4) | 65 (18.7) | |
| 70-79 | 655 (39.4) | 490 (37.2) | 165 (47.6) | |
| 80-89 | 277 (16.6) | 187 (14.2) | 90 (25.9) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 661 (39.8) | 522 (39.7) | 139 (40.1) | 0.03 |
| Past | 789 (47.5) | 611 (46.5) | 178 (51.3) | |
| Current | 211 (12.7) | 181 (13.8) | 30 (12.7) | |
| Body mass index | ||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 30 (1.8) | 25 (1.9) | 5 (1.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Normal (18.5-24.9) | 872 (53.5) | 724 (56.1) | 148 (43.5) | |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 596 (36.5) | 453 (35.1) | 143 (42.1) | |
| Obese (≥30.0) | 133 (8.2) | 89 (6.9) | 44 (12.9) | |
| Average daily alcohol intake | ||||
| None | 613 (36.9) | 465 (35.3) | 148 (42.7) | 0.001 |
| 1-30 grams (1-2 drinks) | 868 (52.1) | 717 (54.4) | 151 (43.5) | |
| 30+ grams (3 or more drinks) | 183 (11.0) | 135 (10.3) | 48 (13.8) | |
| Exercised ≥ 3 times past week | ||||
| Yes | 1,358 (81.7) | 1,088 (82.6) | 270 (78.0) | 0.05 |
| Hypertension† | ||||
| Yes | 1,180 (70.9) | 876 (66.5) | 304 (87.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Triglycerides | ||||
| ≥ 150 mg/dl (high)/ < 150 mg/dl | 353 (21.2) | 225 (17.1) | 128 (36.9) | < 0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol | ||||
| Low‡ | 231 (13.9) | 144 (10.9) | 87 (25.1) | < 0.0001 |
| History coronary heart disease§ | ||||
| Yes | 534 (32.1) | 376 (28.5) | 158 (45.5) | < 0.0001 |
*
Unadjusted p-value based on a chi square test of association, comparing distribution among all categories.
†
Any antihypertensive in past two weeks or SBP≥130 mm Hg or DBP≥85 mm Hg.
‡
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol characterized low when <40 mg/dl for men and <50 mg/dl women.