Table 2.
Characteristics of Participants Stratified by Walking Status; Rancho Bernardo CA, 1984-87
| Variable | Non-Walker (N=666) |
< 1 Mile Walker (N=585) |
≥ 1 Mile Walker (N=413) |
p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Diabetes | ||||
| Normal glucose tolerance | 525 (78.8) | 452 (77.3) | 340 (82.3) | 0.15 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 141 (21.2) | 133 (22.7) | 73 (17.7) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 418 (62.8) | 306 (52.3) | 199 (48.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Male | 248 (37.2) | 279 (47.7) | 214 (51.8) | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 50-59 | 132 (19.8) | 95 (16.2) | 66 (16.0) | 0.02 |
| 60-69 | 176 (26.4) | 142 (24.3) | 121 (23.3) | |
| 70-79 | 245 (36.8) | 235 (40.2) | 175 (42.4) | |
| 80-89 | 113 (17.0) | 113 (19.3) | 51 (12.5) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 258 (38.9) | 223 (38.2) | 180 (43.6) | 0.001 |
| Past | 297 (44.7) | 288 (49.3) | 204 (49.4) | |
| Current | 109 (16.4) | 73 (12.5) | 29 (7.0) | |
| Body mass index | ||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 10 (1.5) | 14 (2.5) | 6 (1.5) | 0.22 |
| Normal (18.5-24.9) | 334 (51.5) | 310 (54.2) | 228 (55.6) | |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 242 (37.3) | 201 (35.1) | 153 (37.3) | |
| Obese (≥30.0) | 63 (9.7) | 47 (8.2) | 23 (5.6) | |
| Average daily alcohol intake | ||||
| None | 242 (36.3) | 230 (39.3) | 141 (34.1) | 0.08 |
| 1-30 grams (1-2 drinks) | 339 (50.9) | 293 (50.1) | 236 (57.1) | |
| 30+ grams (≥3 drinks) | 85 (12.8) | 62 (10.6) | 36 (8.7) | |
| Exercised ≥ 3 times past week | ||||
| Yes | 417 (62.7) | 532 (90.9) | 409 (99.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Hypertension† | ||||
| Yes | 479 (71.9) | 403 (68.9) | 298 (72.1) | 0.41 |
| Triglycerides | ||||
| ≥ 150 mg/dl (high)/ < 150 mg/dl | 153 (23.0) | 127 (21.7) | 73 (17.7) | 0.11 |
| HDL cholesterol | ||||
| Low‡ | 89 (13.4) | 96 (16.4) | 46 (11.1) | 0.05 |
| History coronary heart disease§ | ||||
| Yes | 192 (28.8) | 217 (37.1) | 125 (30.3) | 0.005 |
*
Unadjusted p-value based on a chi square test of association, comparing distribution among all categories.
†
Any antihypertensive in past two weeks or SBP≥130 mm Hg or DBP≥85 mm Hg.
‡
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol characterized low when <40 mg/dl for men and <50 mg/dl women.