Table 3.
Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Death from All Causes, Coronary Heart Disease, Non-Coronary Heart Disease Cardiovascular Disease, and Other Causes; Rancho Bernardo CA, 1984-1996
| Variable | All-Cause* (N=538) |
CHD (N=143) |
Non-CHD CVD (N=138) |
Other Causes (N=257) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR† | 95% CI† | HR† | 95% CI† | HR† | 95% CI† | HR† | 95% CI† | |
| Diabetes | ||||||||
| Non-walker‡ | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- |
| < 1 mile walker | 1.02 | 0.70, 1.43 | 1.07 | 0.55, 2.07 | 1.08 | 0.51, 2.30 | 0.94 | 0.56, 1.58 |
| ≥ 1 mile walker | 0.54 | 0.33, 0.88 | 1.05 | 0.48, 2.31 | 0.19 | 0.04, 0.86 | 0.48 | 0.23, 1.00 |
| Normal glucose tolerance | ||||||||
| Non-walker‡ | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- | 1.00 | -- |
| < 1 mile walker | 0.98 | 0.76, 1.25 | 1.14 | 0.67, 1.94 | 0.77 | 0.48, 1.21 | 1.05 | 0.74, 1.49 |
| ≥ 1 mile walker | 0.89 | 0.67, 1.18 | 1.29 | 0.73, 2.28 | 0.55 | 0.32, 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.63, 1.41 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male/ Female | 2.45 | 2.03, 2.96 | 2.87 | 1.96, 4.20 | 2.67 | 1.83, 3.89 | 2.18 | 1.66, 2.86 |
| Age (per year) | 1.13 | 1.11, 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.10, 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.13, 1.20 | 1.11 | 1.09, 1.13 |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| Past/Never | 1.21 | 1.00, 1.47 | 0.93 | 0.64, 1.34 | 1.07 | 0.73, 1.56 | 1.53 | 1.14, 2.04 |
| Current/ Never | 2.02 | 1.49, 2.73 | 1.39 | 0.72, 2.68 | 1.98 | 1.08, 3.63 | 2.43 | 1.60, 3.77 |
| Body mass index | ||||||||
| Underweight (<18.5)/Normal | 1.52 | 0.90, 2.59 | 1.10 | 0.27, 4.59 | 1.23 | 0.44, 3.42 | 1.85 | 0.93, 3.68 |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9)/Normal | 0.86 | 0.71, 1.04 | 1.18 | 0.82, 1.70 | 0.80 | 0.55, 1.17 | 0.74 | 0.56, 0.98 |
| Obese (≥30.0)/Normal | 1.02 | 0.72, 1.43 | 1.54 | 0.84, 2.82 | 0.53 | 0.21, 1.34 | 1.04 | 0.64, 1.67 |
| Average drinks per day | ||||||||
| 1-30 grams (1-2 drinks)/None | 0.79 | 0.65, 0.95 | 0.88 | 0.61, 1.27 | 0.65 | 0.45, 0.95 | 0.83 | 0.63, 1.09 |
| 30+ grams (3 or more drinks) /None | 0.88 | 0.65, 1.18 | 0.65 | 0.34, 1.25 | 0.86 | 0.49, 1.53 | 0.99 | 0.65, 1.49 |
| Exercised 3 or more times past week | ||||||||
| Yes/No | 0.69 | 0.55, 0.88 | 0.49 | 0.31, 0.77 | 0.86 | 0.53, 1.38 | 0.74 | 0.52, 1.04 |
| Hypertension§ | ||||||||
| Yes/No | 1.21 | 0.94, 1.57 | 1.51 | 0.84, 2.71 | 1.26 | 0.75, 2.12 | 1.09 | 0.77, 1.54 |
| Triglycerides# | ||||||||
| ≥ 150 mg/dl (high)/ < 150 mg/dl | 1.08 | 0.85, 1.36 | 1.25 | 0.82, 1.90 | 0.74 | 0.44, 1.26 | 1.16 | 0.83, 1.62 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | ||||||||
| Low/ Normal# | 1.13 | 0.86, 1.48 | 1.50 | 0.95, 2.38 | 1.05 | 0.56, 1.96 | 0.97 | 0.65, 1.46 |
| History coronary heart disease** | ||||||||
| Yes/No | 1.64 | 1.38, 1.95 | 2.67 | 1.89, 3.78 | 1.31 | 0.92, 1.86 | 1.43 | 1.11, 1.84 |
*
All-cause death is inclusive of CHD, CVD, and other.
†
Cox regression adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for those with complete covariate data.
‡
Reference category. Non-walkers are referenced within each of the diabetic and normal glucose tolerance groups.
§
Any antihypertensive in past two weeks or SBP≥130 mm Hg or DBP≥85 mm Hg.
#
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol characterized low when <40 mg/dl for men and <50 mg/dl women.