TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics of the 87 patients with nosocomial UTIs caused by S. marcescens studied in stage I of the study
| Factors | Mean ± SD (range) or no. (%) of patients
|
P valuea | Odds ratio (95% CIb) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients (n = 87) | Neurology wards (n = 49) | Other wards (n = 38) | |||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 54 (62.1) | 33 (67.3) | 21 (55.3) | NS | 1.67 (0.64-4.40) |
| Female | 33 (37.9) | 16 (32.7) | 17 (44.7) | ||
| Age (yr) | 58.8 ± 19.9 (2-86) | 58.1 ± 20.6 (6-86) | 59.8 ± 19.2 (2-86) | NS | |
| Duration (days) of hospital admission at onset of UTI | 21.4 ± 21.2 (4-138) | 18.7 ± 20.8 (4-138) | 24.8 ± 21.6 (6-105) | NS | |
| Diagnosis of admission | |||||
| Brain dysfunction or head injury | 33 (37.9) | 28 (57.1) | 5 (13.2) | <0.0001 | |
| Infections at other sites | 18 (20.7) | 4 (8.2) | 14 (36.8) | <0.005 | |
| Malignancy | 15 (17.2) | 5 (10.2) | 10 (26.3) | <0.05 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 12 (13.8) | 8 (16.3) | 4 (10.5) | NS | 1.66 (0.40-7.26) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (9.2) | 5 (10.2) | 3 (7.9) | NS | 1.33 (0.25-7.61) |
| Invasive devices at onset of UTIs | |||||
| Intravenous catheter | 74 (85.1) | 44 (89.8) | 30 (78.9) | NS | 2.35 (0.61-9.29) |
| Nasogastric tube | 69 (79.3) | 39 (79.6) | 30 (78.9) | NS | 1.04 (0.32-3.32) |
| Urinary catheter | 66 (75.9) | 38 (77.6) | 28 (73.7) | NS | 1.23 (0.41-3.69) |
| Tracheotomy | 37 (42.5) | 27 (55.1) | 10 (26.3) | <0.01 | |
| Central venous pressure tip | 34 (39.1) | 17 (34.7) | 17 (44.7) | NS | 0.66 (0.25-1.71) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 32 (36.8) | 24 (49.0) | 8 (21.1) | <0.01 | |
| Surgical drains | 11 (12.6) | 8 (16.3) | 3 (7.9) | NS | 2.28 (0.49-11.84) |
| Total parenteral nutrition infusion | 6 (6.9) | 0 (0) | 6 (15.8) | <0.01 | |
| Duration (days) of urinary catheter before onset of UTIs | 13.3 ± 10.5 (1-56) | 13.3 ± 9.5 (4-55) | 13.3 ± 11.9 (1-56) | NS | |
| Management after onset of UTIs | |||||
| Withdrawal of urinary catheters | 24 (36.4) | 16 (42.1) | 8 (28.6) | NS | 1.82 (0.57-5.89) |
| Antimicrobial treatment | 84 (96.6) | 46 (93.9) | 38 (100) | NS | 0.00 (0.00-2.90) |
| Symptoms and signs at onset of UTIs | |||||
| Fever | 58 (66.7) | 32 (65.3) | 26 (68.4) | NS | 0.87 (0.32-2.35) |
| Pyuria | 7 (8.0) | 5 (10.2) | 2 (5.3) | NS | 2.05 (0.32-16.30) |
| Other complaints | 2 (2.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.3) | NS | 0.00 (0.00-3.17) |
| Asymptomatic | 20 (23.0) | 12 (24.5) | 8 (21.1) | NS | 1.22 (0.40-3.79) |
| Antimicrobial resistance of the isolates, multiresistant to all antibiotics tested except imipenem | 42 (48.3) | 26 (53.1) | 16 (42.1) | NS | 1.55 (0.61-4.00) |
| Imipenem + ciprofloxacin | 10 (11.5) | 4 (8.2) | 6 (15.8) | NS | 0.47 (0.10-2.12) |
| Imipenem + ceftizoxime | 3 (3.4) | 1 (2.0) | 2 (5.3) | NS | 0.38 (0.01-5.59) |
| Imipenem + ciprofloxacin + ceftizoxime | 14 (16.1) | 10 (20.4) | 4 (10.5) | NS | 2.18 (0.56-9.18) |
a
The χ2 test and two-tailed Student's t test were used for statistical analysis of the difference between blood and urinary isolates. NS, not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
b
CI, confidence interval.