Fig. 4.
Effects of bilateral injection of losartan into the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) on basal cardiovascular activity and the KCN-induced change in MAP and RSNA in intact sham-operated and CHF rats. A: representative recordings of MAP, HR, and RSNA in response to NTS injection of losartan (100 pmol) in an intact CHF rat. B: change in MAP (left), HR (middle), and RSNA (right) after losartan (10 and 100 pmol) or vehicle [artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), 50 nl] injected into the NTS in sham-operated (baseline MAP and HR, 89.6 ± 3.8 mmHg and 342 ± 12.6 beats/min, n = 7) and CHF (baseline MAP and HR, 87.3 ± 3.5 mmHg and 336 ± 14.5 beats/min, n = 12) rats. *P < 0.05 vs. aCSF; #P < 0.05 vs. 10 pmol losartan (2-way ANOVA). C: changes in MAP (left) and RSNA (right) evoked by KCN injection after treatment with NTS injection of losartan (100 pmol) and epicardial application of capsaicin (0.4 μg) in CHF rats (baseline MAP and HR, 88.5 ± 3.3 mmHg and 331 ± 17.2 beats/min, n = 7). *P < 0.05 vs. control; NS, no significance vs. losartan (1-way ANOVA).