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. 2008 Jun 15;4(3):261–272.

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Interrelationships between metabolic diseases comprising the metabolic syndrome and sleep apnea. Together, these diseases are referred to as Syndrome Z in the field of sleep medicine. Available epidemiologic and clinical evidence suggests that all of these conditions interact with each other through complex, yet undifferentiated pathophysiological pathways, thereby increasing risks for cardiovascular disease.58