Table 1.
Baseline means (standard deviations) for trainees and controls
| Measure | Control group | Trained group | Type of trainee |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 70.5 (7.3) | 70.4 (7.7) | All |
| 71.7 (8.6) | IT group | ||
| 69.6 (7.0) | AT group | ||
| Education | 15.6 (2.8) | 15.5 (3.1) | All |
| 14.6 (3.5)a | IT group | ||
| 16.1 (2.7)b | AT group | ||
| Vocabulary | 34.6 (4.6) | 33.4 (6.2) | All |
| 33.9 (3.6) | IT group | ||
| 33.0 (7.4) | AT group | ||
| Digit-symbol | 45.5 (14.1) | 49.4 (10.0) | All |
| 48.8 (9.8) | IT group | ||
| 50.0 (10.1) | AT group | ||
| Name recall | 5.1 (2.7) | 5.0 (2.7) | All |
| 4.8 (3.0) | IT group | ||
| 5.1 (2.5) | AT group | ||
| List recall | 9.4 (2.3) | 9.6 (2.3) | All |
| 9.4 (2.2) | IT group | ||
| 9.8 (2.3) | AT group | ||
| Need for cognition | 63.6 (8.9) | 59.0 (12.1) | All |
| 59.1 (12.8) | IT group | ||
| 58.9 (11.9) | AT group | ||
| General self-efficacy | 31.4 (3.8) | 30.8 (3.5) | All |
| 30.8 (3.8) | IT group | ||
| 30.8 (3.3) | AT group | ||
| Self-efficacy | 48.7 (14.8) | 47.0 (17.0) | All |
| 44.0 (18.5) | IT group | ||
| 49.3 (15.6) | AT group | ||
| MIA anxiety | 3.4 (.73) | 3.3 (.68) | All |
| 3.3 (.72) | IT group | ||
| 3.3 (.66) | AT group | ||
| MIA locus | 3.8 (.51) | 3.8 (.47) | All |
| 3.8 (.59) | IT group | ||
| 3.8 (.37) | AT group | ||
| MIA achievement | 4.1 (.35) | 4.0 (.39) | All |
| 4.0 (.43) | IT group | ||
| 4.0 (.37) | AT group | ||
| Self-rated health | 3.0 (1.6) | 3.0 (1.6) | All |
| 3.5 (1.9)a | IT group | ||
| 2.6 (1.2)b | AT group |
Note: All measures in this table represent baseline or first trial scores. The right column shows the training group total first, with the results for the two identified types of trainees immediately below that. Means that are significantly different from each other (p < 0.05) are indicated by different superscript letters. No other baseline means were significantly different from each other. Variations between these scores and those reported in Table 2 are due to the fact that Table 1 includes all participants and Table 2 includes only those participants that were not missing any Posttest-1 or Posttest-2 data.
Abbreviations: MIA, Metamemory in Adulthood measure; IT, inactive trainee; AT, active trainee.