TABLE 2.

Correlation between frequency of Gag-specific CD4 responses and possible surrogate markers of HIV disease progression^a

Response type and cytokine(s)	Value (P, r) for cohort infected with:
	HIV-2						HIV-1
	CD4+ T cell count	% CD4+ T cells	Viremia	Proviral DNA	% HLA-DR+ within CD4	% HLA-DR+ CD38+ within CD4	CD4+ T cell count	% CD4+ T cells	Viremia	Proviral DNA	% HLA-DR+ within CD4	% HLA-DR+ CD38+ within CD4
Homologous response
Total	0.849, −0.047	0.663, −0.107	NA	0.067, −0.469	0.048, 0.519	0.023, 0.58	0.715, −0.092	0.45, −0.19	0.591, 0.145	0.832, −0.06	0.793, −0.077	0.718, −0.219
IL-2	0.905, −0.029	0.605, −0.127	NA	0.082, −0.448	0.064, 0.499	0.036, 0.544	0.366, −0.227	0.353, −0.233	0.676, 0.113	0.508, −0.186	0.315, 0.29	0.245, 0.333
IFN-γ SP	0.31, −0.246	0.451, −0.184	NA	0.008, −0.636	0.177, 0.368	0.157, 0.385	0.983, −0.005	0.494, −0.172	0.104, 0.421	0.413, 0.228	0.413, −0.238	0.453, −0.031
IL-2+ IFN-γ+	0.389, −0.21	0.301, −0.251	NA	0.335, −0.258	0.033, 0.551	0.049, 0.516	0.59, −0.136	0.471, −0.182	0.977, −0.008	0.807, 0.069	0.811, −0.071	0.917, 0.116
Heterologous response
Total	0.615, −0.173	0.577, −0.189	NA	0.291, −0.393	0.678, 0.159	0.81, 0.1	0.387, 0.301	0.682, 0.153	0.25, −0.424	0.121, −0.569	0.123, 0.522	0.155, 0.485
IL-2 SP	0.946, 0.029	0.86, 0.057	NA	0.25, −0.424	0.493, 0.254	0.613, 0.203	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
IFN-γ SP	0.342, −0.316	0.299, −0.187	NA	ND	ND	ND	0.759, 0.106	0.946, −0.031	0.521, −0.339	0.359, −0.244	0.039, 0.675	0.067, 0.607

^aRelationships were tested for significance with Spearman rank correlation using GraphPad Prism. P values of <0.05 were considered significant and are in boldface type. SP, single positive; NA, not applicable; ND, not done. Correlations were not assessed for cytokine-producing HIV-specific CD4 T-cell subsets and immuno/virologic parameters when these values were available for ≤3 individuals.