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(a) A cooperative Markov model of a tetrameric ion channel. Each subunit has two closed states (C3, C2) and a permissive state (C1). (b) An equivalent expanded Markov model of the ion channel in panel a. Circles inside each square show the combination of four subunit states associated with each channel state. Transition rates of the expanded channel model are shown in terms of transition rates of the subunit states.
