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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2008 Apr 24;67(2):330–340. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.038

Table 2.

The age-adjusted prevalence of health outcomes by subjective social status a

Sex Subjective social status rank
Total Trend b
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Lowest Highest
Poor/fair self-rated health
  Males 70.4 58.8 52.9 36.2 28.6 25.7 19.2 15.5 16.4 8.7 25.6 p≤0.001
  N 20 58 194 355 583 798 701 498 130 28 3365
  Females 82.3 45.1 46.1 34.8 26.3 24.2 18.6 18.8 15.5 32.0 24.8 p≤0.001
  N 26 85 201 403 850 1162 724 447 144 22 4064
Four or more depressive symptoms on an eight-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale
  Males 50.1 41.9 27.9 13.2 10.6 8.0 8.0 6.5 4.4 0.0 9.5 p≤0.001
  N 19 58 191 345 579 793 692 497 128 28 3330
  Females 53.7 47.8 34.3 23.4 17.2 14.3 12.9 10.6 11.2 9.8 15.7 p≤0.001
  N 25 85 196 401 842 1152 718 446 144 22 4031
Existence of long-standing illness or disability
  Males 85.5 84.4 71.0 60.0 54.3 57.5 52.0 48.7 32.6 39.9 55.5 p≤0.001
  N 21 58 194 356 583 799 700 497 130 28 3366
  Females 89.2 72.4 71.8 60.3 59.7 54.1 53.2 51.2 47.9 39.1 56.5 p≤0.001
  N 26 85 201 404 850 1160 724 447 144 22 4063
Diagnosed or measured hypertension ≥140/90mmHg
  Males 73.4 64.1 74.1 66.2 63.1 59.2 59.8 58.9 44.9 64.7 61.6 p≤0.001
  N 16 38 158 262 465 604 576 396 93 21 2629
  Females 63.7 61.1 60.0 63.5 60.8 59.3 57.9 58.9 46.4 50.6 59.3 p=0.022
  N 21 55 155 319 665 927 590 362 118 16 3328
Diagnosed diabetes or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.0%
  Males 26.7 30.2 25.2 13.9 17.0 18.2 14.4 13.4 17.7 5.5 16.6 p=0.004
  N 17 37 127 227 404 556 517 362 91 21 2359
  Females 23.8 21.5 17.1 14.2 10.0 8.9 10.0 8.1 7.5 0.0 10.1 p≤0.001
  N 17 54 138 274 582 806 523 314 102 13 2823
Central obesity (waist circumference ≥ 94cm in men and ≥ 80cm in women)
  Males 73.2 77.1 72.4 76.0 77.9 72.2 75.5 76.3 69.7 68.8 74.9 p=0.646
  N 17 43 169 297 506 697 616 430 110 27 2912
  Females 94.6 90.2 82.0 83.3 80.3 79.6 77.4 80.3 69.6 69.4 79.8 p≤0.001
  N 20 69 170 337 739 1011 646 394 128 19 3533
HDL-cholesterol < 1 mmol/L in men and < 1.3 mmol/L in women
  Males 24.2 27.7 14.3 19.3 13.6 16.8 12.7 10.4 7.9 12.0 14.3 p≤0.001
  N 17 38 125 238 412 570 526 365 93 21 2405
  Females 30.1 23.6 24.8 18.4 14.5 14.7 11.5 10.2 13.4 0.0 14.2 p≤0.001
  N 16 54 138 278 593 812 529 316 104 13 2853
Triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L
  Males 53.8 54.2 49.9 52.4 48.8 47.6 46.3 46.7 42.2 70.2 48.3 p=0.138
  N 17 38 126 238 412 570 527 366 93 22 2409
  Females 53.3 50.7 49.4 45.0 43.6 37.7 39.1 39.5 27.0 42.0 40.5 p≤0.001
  N 16 54 138 278 592 812 529 316 104 13 2852
Log-transformed fibrinogen (g/L) c
  Males 3.74 3.42 3.27 3.11 3.11 3.10 3.05 3.05 2.91 2.97 3.10 p≤0.001
  N 17 38 126 234 409 566 523 365 91 22 2391
  Females 3.11 3.39 3.37 3.27 3.22 3.24 3.15 3.15 3.11 3.17 3.21 p≤0.001
  N 17 55 138 274 588 801 522 317 102 13 2827
Log-transformed C-reactive protein (mg/L) c,d
  Males 2.9 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.7 p≤0.001
  N 11 33 116 219 378 526 492 340 90 22 2227
  Females 1.3 2.0 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.8 p≤0.001
  N 15 44 121 256 546 756 501 286 97 12 2634
a

Frequencies are weighted for non-response, while counts are not

b

Derived from regression analyses adjusted for age

c

Results are presented in the form of geometric mean

d

Cases with CRP>10mg/L were excluded from analysis