Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1985 Sep;55(3):752–759. doi: 10.1128/jvi.55.3.752-759.1985

Sequences outside of the long terminal repeat determine the lymphomogenic potential of Rous-associated virus type 1.

H L Robinson, L Jensen, J M Coffin
PMCID: PMC255059  PMID: 2991594

Abstract

Recombinant avian leukosis viruses have been constructed from the molecularly cloned DNAs of Rous-associated virus type 1 (RAV-1) and Rous-associated virus type 0(RAV-0). Virus encoded by the cloned RAV-1 DNA induced a high incidence of B-cell lymphoma and a moderate incidence of a variety of other neoplasms. Virus encoded by the cloned RAV-0 DNA did not cause disease. Virus recovered from DNA constructions that encoded the gag, pol, and 5' env sequences of RAV-0 and the 3' env and long terminal repeat sequences of RAV-1 did not cause a high incidence of lymphoma. Rather, these constructed viruses induced a low incidence of a variety of neoplasms. Virus recovered from reconstructed pRAV-1 DNA had the same disease potential as did virus recovered from the parental pRAV-1 DNA. These results indicate that the long terminal repeat sequences of RAV-1 do not confer the potential to induce a high incidence of B-cell lymphoma.

Full text

PDF
752

Images in this article

755Image
on p.755
756Image
on p.756

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Astrin S. M., Crittenden L. B., Buss E. G. Ev 2, a genetic locus containing structural genes for endogenous virus, codes for Rous-associated virus type 0 produced by line 72 chickens. J Virol. 1980 Jan;33(1):250–255. doi: 10.1128/jvi.33.1.250-255.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Astrin S. M., Robinson H. L. Gs, an allele of chickens for endogenous avian leukosis viral antigens, segregates with ev 3, a genetic locus that contains structural genes for virus. J Virol. 1979 Aug;31(2):420–425. doi: 10.1128/jvi.31.2.420-425.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bacon L. D., Crittenden L. B., Witter R. L., Fadly A., Motta J. B5 and B15 associated with progressive Marek's disease, Rous sarcoma, and avian leukosis virus-induced tumors in inbred 15I4 chickens. Poult Sci. 1983 Apr;62(4):573–578. doi: 10.3382/ps.0620573. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bizub D., Katz R. A., Skalka A. M. Nucleotide sequence of noncoding regions in Rous-associated virus-2: comparisons delineate conserved regions important in replication and oncogenesis. J Virol. 1984 Feb;49(2):557–565. doi: 10.1128/jvi.49.2.557-565.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Celander D., Haseltine W. A. Tissue-specific transcription preference as a determinant of cell tropism and leukaemogenic potential of murine retroviruses. Nature. 1984 Nov 8;312(5990):159–162. doi: 10.1038/312159a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chatis P. A., Holland C. A., Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P., Hopkins N. Role for the 3' end of the genome in determining disease specificity of Friend and Moloney murine leukemia viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(14):4408–4411. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.14.4408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Chatis P. A., Holland C. A., Silver J. E., Frederickson T. N., Hopkins N., Hartley J. W. A 3' end fragment encompassing the transcriptional enhancers of nondefective Friend virus confers erythroleukemogenicity on Moloney leukemia virus. J Virol. 1984 Oct;52(1):248–254. doi: 10.1128/jvi.52.1.248-254.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Coffin J. M., Tsichlis P. N., Conklin K. F., Senior A., Robinson H. L. Genomes of endogenous and exogenous avian retroviruses. Virology. 1983 Apr 15;126(1):51–72. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90461-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cooper G. M., Neiman P. E. Two distinct candidate transforming genes of lymphoid leukosis virus-induced neoplasms. Nature. 1981 Aug 27;292(5826):857–858. doi: 10.1038/292857a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Corcoran L. M., Adams J. M., Dunn A. R., Cory S. Murine T lymphomas in which the cellular myc oncogene has been activated by retroviral insertion. Cell. 1984 May;37(1):113–122. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90306-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Crittenden L. B., Hayward W. S., Hanafusa H., Fadly A. M. Induction of neoplasms by subgroup E recombinants of exogenous and endogenous avian retroviruses (Rous-associated virus type 60). J Virol. 1980 Feb;33(2):915–919. doi: 10.1128/jvi.33.2.915-919.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Crouse G. F., Frischauf A., Lehrach H. An integrated and simplified approach to cloning into plasmids and single-stranded phages. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:78–89. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01006-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Cuypers H. T., Selten G., Quint W., Zijlstra M., Maandag E. R., Boelens W., van Wezenbeek P., Melief C., Berns A. Murine leukemia virus-induced T-cell lymphomagenesis: integration of proviruses in a distinct chromosomal region. Cell. 1984 May;37(1):141–150. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90309-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. DesGroseillers L., Jolicoeur P. The tandem direct repeats within the long terminal repeat of murine leukemia viruses are the primary determinant of their leukemogenic potential. J Virol. 1984 Dec;52(3):945–952. doi: 10.1128/jvi.52.3.945-952.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Dickson C., Smith R., Brookes S., Peters G. Tumorigenesis by mouse mammary tumor virus: proviral activation of a cellular gene in the common integration region int-2. Cell. 1984 Jun;37(2):529–536. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90383-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Donehower L. A., Varmus H. E. A mutant murine leukemia virus with a single missense codon in pol is defective in a function affecting integration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Oct;81(20):6461–6465. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.20.6461. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Dorner A. J., Stoye J. P., Coffin J. M. Molecular basis of host range variation in avian retroviruses. J Virol. 1985 Jan;53(1):32–39. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.1.32-39.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Downward J., Yarden Y., Mayes E., Scrace G., Totty N., Stockwell P., Ullrich A., Schlessinger J., Waterfield M. D. Close similarity of epidermal growth factor receptor and v-erb-B oncogene protein sequences. Nature. 1984 Feb 9;307(5951):521–527. doi: 10.1038/307521a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Duyk G., Leis J., Longiaru M., Skalka A. M. Selective cleavage in the avian retroviral long terminal repeat sequence by the endonuclease associated with the alpha beta form of avian reverse transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Nov;80(22):6745–6749. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.22.6745. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Elder J. H., Gautsch J. W., Jensen F. C., Lerner R. A., Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P. Biochemical evidence that MCF murine leukemia viruses are envelope (env) gene recombinants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4676–4680. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.10.4676. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Famulari N. G. Murine leukemia viruses with recombinant env genes: a discussion of their role in leukemogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1983;103:75–108. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-68943-7_4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Fung Y. K., Fadly A. M., Crittenden L. B., Kung H. J. On the mechanism of retrovirus-induced avian lymphoid leukosis: deletion and integration of the proviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jun;78(6):3418–3422. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.6.3418. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Fung Y. K., Lewis W. G., Crittenden L. B., Kung H. J. Activation of the cellular oncogene c-erbB by LTR insertion: molecular basis for induction of erythroblastosis by avian leukosis virus. Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):357–368. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90417-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Gorman C. M., Merlino G. T., Willingham M. C., Pastan I., Howard B. H. The Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat is a strong promoter when introduced into a variety of eukaryotic cells by DNA-mediated transfection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov;79(22):6777–6781. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.22.6777. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Graham F. L., van der Eb A. J. A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA. Virology. 1973 Apr;52(2):456–467. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90341-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Grandgenett D. P., Golomb M., Vora A. C. Activation of an Mg2+-dependent DNA endonuclease of avian myeloblastosis virus alpha beta DNA polymerase by in vitro proteolytic cleavage. J Virol. 1980 Jan;33(1):264–271. doi: 10.1128/jvi.33.1.264-271.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Hartley J. W., Wolford N. K., Old L. J., Rowe W. P. A new class of murine leukemia virus associated with development of spontaneous lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):789–792. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Hayman M. J., Ramsay G. M., Savin K., Kitchener G., Graf T., Beug H. Identification and characterization of the avian erythroblastosis virus erbB gene product as a membrane glycoprotein. Cell. 1983 Feb;32(2):579–588. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90477-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Hayward W. S., Neel B. G., Astrin S. M. Activation of a cellular onc gene by promoter insertion in ALV-induced lymphoid leukosis. Nature. 1981 Apr 9;290(5806):475–480. doi: 10.1038/290475a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Hayward W. S. Size and genetic content of viral RNAs in avian oncovirus-infected cells. J Virol. 1977 Oct;24(1):47–63. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.1.47-63.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Hippenmeyer P. J., Grandgenett D. P. Requirement of the avian retrovirus pp32 DNA binding protein domain for replication. Virology. 1984 Sep;137(2):358–370. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90228-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Holland C. A., Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P., Hopkins N. At least four viral genes contribute to the leukemogenicity of murine retrovirus MCF 247 in AKR mice. J Virol. 1985 Jan;53(1):158–165. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.1.158-165.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Lenz J., Celander D., Crowther R. L., Patarca R., Perkins D. W., Haseltine W. A. Determination of the leukaemogenicity of a murine retrovirus by sequences within the long terminal repeat. 1984 Mar 29-Apr 4Nature. 308(5958):467–470. doi: 10.1038/308467a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Lerner T. L., Hanafusa H. DNA sequence of the Bryan high-titer strain of Rous sarcoma virus: extent of env deletion and possible genealogical relationship with other viral strains. J Virol. 1984 Feb;49(2):549–556. doi: 10.1128/jvi.49.2.549-556.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Li Y., Holland C. A., Hartley J. W., Hopkins N. Viral integration near c-myc in 10-20% of mcf 247-induced AKR lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(21):6808–6811. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.21.6808. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Linemeyer D. L., Menke J. G., Ruscetti S. K., Evans L. H., Scolnick E. M. Envelope gene sequences which encode the gp52 protein of spleen focus-forming virus are required for the induction of erythroid cell proliferation. J Virol. 1982 Jul;43(1):223–233. doi: 10.1128/jvi.43.1.223-233.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Loyter A., Scangos G. A., Ruddle F. H. Mechanisms of DNA uptake by mammalian cells: fate of exogenously added DNA monitored by the use of fluorescent dyes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(2):422–426. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.422. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. McGrath M. S., Weissman I. L. AKR leukemogenesis: identification and biological significance of thymic lymphoma receptors for AKR retroviruses. Cell. 1979 May;17(1):65–75. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90295-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Miles B. D., Robinson H. L. High-frequency transduction of c-erbB in avian leukosis virus-induced erythroblastosis. J Virol. 1985 May;54(2):295–303. doi: 10.1128/jvi.54.2.295-303.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Nusse R., van Ooyen A., Cox D., Fung Y. K., Varmus H. Mode of proviral activation of a putative mammary oncogene (int-1) on mouse chromosome 15. Nature. 1984 Jan 12;307(5947):131–136. doi: 10.1038/307131a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. O'Donnell P. V., Woller R., Chu A. Stages in development of mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) virus-accelerated leukemia in AKR mice. J Exp Med. 1984 Sep 1;160(3):914–934. doi: 10.1084/jem.160.3.914. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Payne G. S., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E. Multiple arrangements of viral DNA and an activated host oncogene in bursal lymphomas. Nature. 1982 Jan 21;295(5846):209–214. doi: 10.1038/295209a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Payne G. S., Courtneidge S. A., Crittenden L. B., Fadly A. M., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E. Analysis of avian leukosis virus DNA and RNA in bursal tumours: viral gene expression is not required for maintenance of the tumor state. Cell. 1981 Feb;23(2):311–322. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90127-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Privalsky M. L., Sealy L., Bishop J. M., McGrath J. P., Levinson A. D. The product of the avian erythroblastosis virus erbB locus is a glycoprotein. Cell. 1983 Apr;32(4):1257–1267. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90307-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Purchase H. G., Okazaki W., Vogt P. K., Hanafusa H., Burmester B. R., Crittenden L. B. Oncogenicity of avian leukosis viruses of different subgroups and of mutants of sarcoma viruses. Infect Immun. 1977 Feb;15(2):423–428. doi: 10.1128/iai.15.2.423-428.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. RUBIN H., VOGT P. K. An avian leukosis virus associated with stocks of Rous sarcoma virus. Virology. 1962 May;17:184–194. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(62)90096-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Robinson H. L. Avian leukosis viruses and cancer: genetics of insertional mutagenesis. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1983;29:127–136. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60439-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Robinson H. L., Blais B. M., Tsichlis P. N., Coffin J. M. At least two regions of the viral genome determine the oncogenic potential of avian leukosis viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Feb;79(4):1225–1229. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.4.1225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Robinson H. L. Intracellular restriction on the growth of induced subgroup E avian type C viruses in chicken cells. J Virol. 1976 Jun;18(3):856–866. doi: 10.1128/jvi.18.3.856-866.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Robinson H. L., Lamoreux W. F. Expression of endogenous ALV antigens and susceptibility to subgroup E ALV in three strains of chickens (endogenous avian C-type virus). Virology. 1976 Jan;69(1):50–62. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90193-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Robinson H. L., Miles B. D. Avian leukosis virus-induced osteopetrosis is associated with the persistent synthesis of viral DNA. Virology. 1985 Feb;141(1):130–143. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90189-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Robinson H. L., Pearson M. N., DeSimone D. W., Tsichlis P. N., Coffin J. M. Subgroup-E avian-leukosis-virus-associated disease in chickens. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 2):1133–1141. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.122. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Schubach W., Groudine M. Alteration of c-myc chromatin structure by avian leukosis virus integration. Nature. 1984 Feb 23;307(5953):702–708. doi: 10.1038/307702a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Schwartzberg P., Colicelli J., Goff S. P. Construction and analysis of deletion mutations in the pol gene of Moloney murine leukemia virus: a new viral function required for productive infection. Cell. 1984 Jul;37(3):1043–1052. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90439-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Shih C. K., Linial M., Goodenow M. M., Hayward W. S. Nucleotide sequence 5' of the chicken c-myc coding region: localization of a noncoding exon that is absent from myc transcripts in most avian leukosis virus-induced lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Aug;81(15):4697–4701. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.15.4697. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Steffen D. Proviruses are adjacent to c-myc in some murine leukemia virus-induced lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(7):2097–2101. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.7.2097. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Temin H. M. Function of the retrovirus long terminal repeat. Cell. 1982 Jan;28(1):3–5. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90367-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Tsichlis P. N., Coffin J. M. Recombinants between endogenous and exogenous avian tumor viruses: role of the C region and other portions of the genome in the control of replication and transformation. J Virol. 1980 Jan;33(1):238–249. doi: 10.1128/jvi.33.1.238-249.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Tsichlis P. N., Donehower L., Hager G., Zeller N., Malavarca R., Astrin S., Skalka A. M. Sequence comparison in the crossover region of an oncogenic avian retrovirus recombinant and its nononcogenic parent: genetic regions that control growth rate and oncogenic potential. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Nov;2(11):1331–1338. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.11.1331. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Tsichlis P. N., Strauss P. G., Hu L. F. A common region for proviral DNA integration in MoMuLV-induced rat thymic lymphomas. 1983 Mar 31-Apr 6Nature. 302(5907):445–449. doi: 10.1038/302445a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Vennström B., Bishop J. M. Isolation and characterization of chicken DNA homologous to the two putative oncogenes of avian erythroblastosis virus. Cell. 1982 Jan;28(1):135–143. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90383-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Vogt P. K., Ishizaki R. Patterns of viral interference in the avian leukosis and sarcoma complex. Virology. 1966 Nov;30(3):368–374. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(66)90115-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Wang S. Y., Hayward W. S., Hanafusa H. Genetic variation in the RNA transcripts of endogenous virus genes in uninfected chicken cells. J Virol. 1977 Oct;24(1):64–73. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.1.64-73.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Westaway D., Payne G., Varmus H. E. Proviral deletions and oncogene base-substitutions in insertionally mutagenized c-myc alleles may contribute to the progression of avian bursal tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Feb;81(3):843–847. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.3.843. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES