Table 1.
Characteristics of HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia according to HAART status on admission.
| Characteristic | All (n = 292) | Not on HAART (n = 178) | On HAART (n = 107) |
| Age, median years, (range) | 40 (23–68) | 40 (23–63) | 41 (21–68) |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Male | 246 (84.2) | 152 (85.4) | 90 (84.1) |
| Female | 46 (15.8) | 26 (14.6) | 17 (15.9) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| White | 30 (10.3) | 17 (9.6) | 12 (11.2) |
| Black | 102 (34.9) | 63 (35.4) | 37 (34.6) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 151 (51.7) | 91 (51.1) | 57 (53.3) |
| Other/unknown | 9 (3.1) | 7 (3.9) | 1 (0.9) |
| HIV risk factor, n (%) | |||
| Men who have sex with men | 97 (33.2) | 58 (32.6) | 38 (35.5) |
| Intravenous drug use | 32 (11.0) | 18 (10.1) | 13 (12.1) |
| Heterosexual | 80 (27.4) | 50 (28.1) | 29 (27.1) |
| Blood transfusion | 3 (1.0) | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.9) |
| Unknown | 80 (27.4) | 51 (28.7) | 25 (23.4) |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Initial HIV diagnosis | 80 (27.4) | 79 (44.4) | 0 (0)* |
| History of PCP | 72 (24.7) | 26 (14.6) | 43 (40.2)* |
| Use of PCP prophylaxis | 92 (31.5) | 30 (16.9) | 60 (56.1)* |
| Use of HAART | 107 (36.6) | 0 (0) | 107 (100)* |
| Current smoker | 116 (39.7) | 74 (41.6) | 41 (38.3) |
| Laboratory values | |||
| CD4, cells/μl, median (range)(n = 131) | 19 (0–697) | 18 (1–267) | 22 (0–697) |
| HIV viral level, log copies/ml, median (range)(n = 57) | 5.3 (1.7–5.9) | 5.3 (1.7–5.9) | 5.3 (2.6–5.9) |
| Albumin, g/dl, median (range) | 2.5 (0.6–4.1) | 2.5 (0.6–3.8) | 2.4 (0.6–4.1) |
| LDH, U/l, median (range) | 332 (119–1425) | 331 (119–1425) | 323 (119–962) |
| Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, mm Hg, median (range)(n = 129) | 43.3 (18.0–89.0) | 44.6 (18.0–89.0) | 38.5 (21.8–73.0) |
| Complications, n (%) | |||
| ICU admission | 100 (34.2) | 66 (37.1) | 29 (27.1) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 39 (13.4) | 25 (14.0) | 11 (10.3) |
| Pneumothorax | 20 (6.8) | 17 (9.6) | 2 (1.9)^ |
| Respiratory failure after 5 days | 10 (3.4) | 8 (4.5) | 2 (1.9) |
| Change of PCP therapy | 14 (4.8) | 10 (5.6) | 4 (3.7) |
| Outcome | |||
| Died in-hospital | 34 (11.6) | 21 (11.8) | 10 (9.3) |
| Length of stay, median days (range) | 8 (1–89) | 9 (1–89) | 6 (2–69)* |
Abbreviations: HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PCP, Pneumocystis pneumonia.
Note: HAART use was unavailable for 7 subjects.
*p ≤ 0.001
^p = 0.01