Table 3.
Impact of 3-year weight change–trajectory pattern and covariates on above-goal A1C* and blood pressure† at year 4
| Unadjusted model |
Adjusted model 1 |
Adjusted model 2 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| A1C outcome | |||||||||
| Weight trajectory clusters | |||||||||
| Higher stable weight | 2.36 | 1.64–3.39 | <0.0001 | 1.96 | 1.34–2.87 | 0.0006 | 1.66 | 1.12–2.47 | 0.0118 |
| Lower stable weight | 1.85 | 1.35–2.53 | <0.0001 | 1.83 | 1.32–2.55 | 0.0003 | 1.52 | 1.08–2.14 | 0.0158 |
| Weight gain | 2.82 | 1.91–4.16 | <0.0001 | 2.59 | 1.72–3.91 | <0.0001 | 1.77 | 1.15–2.72 | 0.0094 |
| Weight loss | 1.00 | — | — | 1.00 | — | — | 1.00 | — | — |
| Age (years) | 0.97 | 0.96–0.98 | <0.0001 | 0.97 | 0.96–0.98 | <0.0001 | |||
| Male sex | 1.02 | 0.84–1.24 | 0.861 | 1.07 | 0.87–1.31 | 0.541 | |||
| A1C above goal (year 1) | 3.35 | 2.76–4.07 | <0.0001 | 2.42 | 1.97–2.98 | <0.0001 | |||
| Oral hyperglycemic medication class year 4‡ | |||||||||
| Metformin | 1.54 | 1.14–2.08 | 0.0047 | ||||||
| Sulfonylureas | 2.16 | 1.67–2.81 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Metformin and sulfonylureas | 4.40 | 3.30–5.86 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Neither sulfonylureas nor metformin | 1.00 | — | — | ||||||
| Insulin | 2.25 | 1.41–3.59 | 0.0006 | ||||||
| Blood pressure outcome | |||||||||
| Weight-trajectory clusters | |||||||||
| Higher stable weight | 1.82 | 1.31–2.52 | 0.0003 | 1.84 | 1.32–2.58 | 0.0004 | 1.83 | 1.31–2.57 | 0.0004 |
| Lower stable weight | 1.06 | 0.82–1.37 | 0.666 | 1.05 | 0.80–1.37 | 0.736 | 1.05 | 0.80–1.38 | 0.710 |
| Weight gain | 1.35 | 0.96–1.90 | 0.088 | 1.47 | 1.03–2.09 | 0.0348 | 1.47 | 1.03–2.10 | 0.0347 |
| Weight loss | 1.00 | — | — | 1.00 | — | — | 1.00 | — | — |
| Age (years) | — | 1.02 | 1.01–1.03 | 0.0001 | 1.02 | 1.01–1.03 | 0.0008 | ||
| Male sex | 0.81 | 0.68–0.96 | 0.0169 | 0.81 | 0.68–0.97 | 0.0203 | |||
| Blood pressure above goal (baseline)§ | 3.02 | 2.45–3.73 | <0.0001 | 2.94 | 2.37–3.64 | <0.0001 | |||
| Blood pressure medication class year 4 | |||||||||
| β-blockers | 0.88 | 0.73–1.07 | 0.193 | ||||||
| Diuretics | 1.05 | 0.86–1.29 | 0.609 | ||||||
| ACE inhibitor/ARB | 1.04 | 0.86–1.25 | 0.691 | ||||||
| Other antihypertensives‖ | 1.33 | 1.05–1.69 | 0.0194 | ||||||
*
A1C models include the 1,911 (74.2%) patients who had one or more A1C measure in both years 1 and 4; above-goal is A1C ≥7%.
†
Blood pressure models include the 2,409 (93.6%) patients that had one or more blood pressure measurement at both baseline and year 4; above-goal is ≥130/80 mmHg.
‡
These subgroups also contain 23 (1.2%) patients taking a thiazolidinedione or acarbose during year 4. No patients were taking repaglinide during year 4.
§
Baseline blood pressure control based upon mean in 12-month pre-index of <130/80 mmHg.
‖
Includes all remaining classes of medication used for hypertension. ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.