Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of demographic variables, covariates, and outcome variables
| Sample size | Mean ± SD | Interquartile range | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional risk factors | |||
| Age (years) | 1,063 | 39.2 ± 7.0 | 10.0 |
| DCCT experimental group (%) | 1,063 | 51 | — |
| Type 1 diabetes duration (years) | 1,063 | 17.5 ± 4.8 | 7.7 |
| A1C (% of hemoglobin) | 1,045 | 8.2 ± 1.3 | 1.7 |
| Male sex (%) | 1,063 | 55 | — |
| Smoker (%) | 1,042 | 19 | — |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1,045 | 120.0 ± 13.9 | 18.0 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1,045 | 75.0 ± 9.3 | 12.0 |
| Height (cm) | 1,046 | 172.5 ± 9.4 | 13.7 |
| Weight (kg) | 1,046 | 81.3 ± 15.5 | 21.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1,044 | 27.2 ± 4.2 | 5.1 |
| Natural waist-to-hip ratio | 1,045 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 1,027 | 189 ± 35.3 | 44.0 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 1,027 | 56 ± 14.7 | 19.0 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 1,021 | 115 ± 30.5 | 39 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 1,027 | 89 ± 63.3 | 51.0 |
| Biomarkers | |||
| PAI-1 activity (IU/ml) | 928 | 4.5 ± 6.9 | 4.5 |
| PAI-1 mass (ng/ml) | 990 | 32.2 ± 24.8 | 30.6 |
| sE-Selectin (ng/ml) | 752 | 58.7 ± 35.7 | 38.4 |
| sICAM-1 (ng/ml) | 812 | 332.4 ± 123.7 | 158.6 |
| sVCAM-1 (ng/ml) | 782 | 685.8 ± 442.4 | 418.1 |
| tPA activity (IU/ml) | 988 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.5 |
| tPA mass (ng/ml) | 964 | 6.3 ± 5.0 | 4.3 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 911 | 309.5 ± 106.9 | 128.0 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 951 | 3.1 ± 4.6 | 3.0 |
| Outcomes | |||
| AER (mg/24 h) | 1,020 | 87 ± 441.7 | 14.4 |
| Micro-/macroalbuminuria (AER >40 mg/24 h) (%) | 1,020 | 14 | — |
| Internal IMT year 6 (units) | 958 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Common IMT at year 6 ( units) | 970 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.2 |