Table 1.
Clinical and biological characteristics at baseline of men and women with and without incident diabetes during the 9 years of the DESIR study
| Men |
Women |
P for variable | P for interaction with sex | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | No diabetes | P* | Diabetes | No diabetes | P* | |||
| n | 140 | 1,723 | 63 | 1,891 | ||||
| Age (years) | 50 ± 9 | 47 ± 10 | 0.0001 | 52 ± 8 | 47 ± 10 | 0.0005 | 0.0001† | 0.6 |
| Diabetes in the family | 28 (20) | 312 (18) | 0.6 | 27 (43) | 368 (19) | 0.0001 | ‡ | 0.003 |
| Current smoker | 52 (37) | 418 (24) | 0.0009 | 10 (16) | 249 (13) | 0.5 | 0.001† | 0.3 |
| Alcohol intake (g/day)§ | 34 ± 32 | 23 ± 22 | 0.005 | 8 ± 11 | 7 ± 11 | 0.5 | 0.006† | 0.2 |
| Physical activity | ||||||||
| Little | 43 (31) | 422 (24) | 22 (35) | 465 (25) | ||||
| Moderate | 72 (51) | 911 (53) | 0.07 | 33 (52) | 1036 (55) | 0.04 | 0.03† | 0.7 |
| Intensive | 25 (18) | 388 (23) | 8 (13) | 386 (20) | ||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 96 ± 10 | 89 ± 9 | 0.0001 | 90 ± 12 | 76 ± 10 | 0.0001 | 0.0001† | 0.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2)§ | 27.5 ± 4.0 | 25.1 ± 3.0 | 0.0001 | 29.2 ± 5.1 | 23.7 ± 3.8 | 0.0001 | 0.0001† | 0.3 |
| Menopause | 30 (48) | 718 (38) | 0.1 | |||||
| Large baby, birth weight ≥4 kg | 16 (27) | 284 (15) | 0.02 | |||||
| Hypertension‖ | 87 (62) | 678 (39) | 0.0001 | 39 (62) | 527 (28) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.1 |
| Heart rate (min) | 68 ± 10 | 66 ± 10 | 0.007 | 71 ± 11 | 68 ± 9 | 0.02 | 0.0005† | 0.7 |
| Treatment for lipids | 20 (14) | 126 (7) | 0.004 | 9 (14) | 129 (7) | 0.03 | 0.0003† | 0.9 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l)§ | 6.05 ± 0.55 | 5.39 ± 0.49 | 0.0001 | 5.96 ± 0.58 | 5.11 ± 0.46 | 0.0001 | 0.0001† | 0.1 |
| GGT (IU/l)§ | 64.3 ± 67.2 | 39.5 ± 38.3 | 0.0001 | 36.4 ± 33.6 | 21.7 ± 21.2 | 0.0001 | 0.0001† | 0.4 |
| ALT (UI/l)§ | 41.7 ± 28.3 | 30.3 ± 18.1 | 0.0001 | 28.9 ± 22.2 | 20.1 ± 13.8 | 0.0001 | 0.0001† | 0.4 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)§ | 1.79 ± 1.45 | 1.26 ± 0.80 | 0.0001 | 1.50 ± 0.78 | 0.93 ± 0.50 | 0.0001 | ‡ | 0.006 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.41 ± 0.37 | 1.50 ± 0.38 | 0.01 | 1.53 ± 0.34 | 1.80 ± 0.42 | 0.0001 | ‡ | 0.008 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 6.06 ± 1.05 | 5.82 ± 0.97 | 0.009 | 5.94 ± 1.04 | 5.61 ± 0.96 | 0.02 | 0.0001† | 0.6 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 91.0 ± 13.9 | 89.1 ± 11.1 | 0.06 | 77.1 ± 10.7 | 74.1 ± 10.0 | 0.02 | 0.006† | 0.4 |
| White blood cell count (109/l)§ | 6.9 ± 2.1 | 6.4 ± 1.7 | 0.002 | 7.3 ± 4.0 | 6.2 ± 1.6 | 0.0002 | 0.0001† | 0.2 |
| n | 135 | 1,617 | 61 | 1,782 | ||||
| Number of TCF7L2 and IL6 deleterious alleles | 2.0 | 1.8 | 0.008 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.03 | 0.0007 | 0.7 |
Data are means ± SD and n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
*
P comparing means and percentages by t and χ2 tests.
†
P for variable in logistic model with only variable and sex, as interaction not significant.
‡
P for variable not given, as the interaction is significant.
§
Log transformation because of a nonsymmetric distribution.
‖
Hypertension: systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or medication for hypertension.