TABLE 3.
Associations with type 2 diabetes–related quantitative traits
| SNP identification (major/minor allele) | n | Glucose (mmol/l)* |
A1C (%)* |
Insulin (pmol/l)† |
HOMA-B (%)* |
HOMA-S (%)† |
BMI (kg/m2)† |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Means ± SE | P‡ | Means ± SE | P‡ | Means ± SE | P‡ | Means ± SE | P‡ | Means ± SE | P‡ | Means ± SE | P§ | ||
| CDKAL1 | |||||||||||||
| rs10946398 (A/C) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| AA | 972 | 5.53 ± 0.04 | 5.78 ± 0.03 | 80.4 ± 1.3 | 115.9 ± 1.4 | 65.4 ± 1.0 | 24.1 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| AC | 1,429 | 5.62 ± 0.03 | 0.10 | 5.85 ± 0.02 | 0.036 | 78.7 ± 1.0 | 0.11 | 112.8 ± 1.1 | 0.0009¶ | 66.6 ± 0.8 | 0.10 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | 0.16 |
| CC | 516 | 5.62 ± 0.05 | 5.85 ± 0.04 | 77.1 ± 1.7 | 99.4 ± 1.8 | 68.2 ± 1.4 | 23.8 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| rs7754840 (G/C) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| GG | 975 | 5.52 ± 0.04 | 5.77 ± 0.03 | 80.4 ± 1.3 | 115.8 ± 1.4 | 65.5 ± 1.0 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| GC | 1,443 | 5.61 ± 0.03 | 0.09 | 5.85 ± 0.02 | 0.034 | 79.1 ± 1.0 | 0.08 | 113.3 ± 1.1 | 0.0011¶ | 66.3 ± 0.8 | 0.07 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | 0.10 |
| CC | 514 | 5.62 ± 0.05 | 5.85 ± 0.04 | 76.6 ± 1.6 | 107.9 ± 1.9 | 68.7 ± 1.4 | 23.8 ± 0.2 | ||||||
| rs7756992 (G/A) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| GG | 774 | 5.68 ± 0.04 | 5.88 ± 0.03 | 79.2 ± 1.4 | 109.6 ± 1.5 | 66.7 ± 1.1 | 24.0 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| GA | 1,455 | 5.56 ± 0.03 | 0.035 | 5.82 ± 0.02 | 0.011 | 79.0 ± 1.0 | 0.62 | 114.1 ± 1.1 | 0.024 | 66.6 ± 0.8 | 0.84 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | 0.69 |
| AA | 681 | 5.55 ± 0.05 | 5.77 ± 0.03 | 78.2 ± 1.5 | 114.6 ± 1.6 | 66.8 ± 1.2 | 24.1 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| rs9465871 (C/T) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| CC | 805 | 5.67 ± 0.04 | 5.88 ± 0.03 | 78.8 ± 1.4 | 109.9 ± 1.5 | 66.5 ± 1.1 | 24.0 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| CT | 1,422 | 5.57 ± 0.03 | 0.035 | 5.82 ± 0.02 | 0.0096 | 78.9 ± 1.0 | 0.72 | 113.5 ± 1.1 | 0.0065 | 66.8 ± 0.8 | 0.65 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | 0.59 |
| TT | 688 | 5.54 ± 0.04 | 5.77 ± 0.03 | 79.5 ± 1.5 | 115.9 ± 1.6 | 65.7 ± 1.2 | 24.1 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| CDKN2A/B | |||||||||||||
| rs10811661 (T/C) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| TT | 813 | 5.60 ± 0.04 | 5.81 ± 0.03 | 78.3 ± 1.3 | 110.7 ± 1.5 | 67.2 ± 1.1 | 24.0 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| TC | 1,489 | 5.59 ± 0.03 | 0.48 | 5.84 ± 0.02 | 0.73 | 80.3 ± 1.0 | 0.70 | 113.9 ± 1.1 | 0.09 | 65.5 ± 0.8 | 0.85 | 24.0 ± 0.1 | 0.39 |
| CC | 620 | 5.55 ± 0.05 | 5.82 ± 0.03 | 77.2 ± 1.5 | 114.4 ± 1.7 | 67.8 ± 1.3 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| rs564398 (T/C) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| TT | 2,173 | 5.58 ± 0.03 | 5.82 ± 0.02 | 78.6 ± 0.8 | 112.5 ± 0.9 | 66.9 ± 0.7 | 24.0 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| TC | 694 | 5.62 ± 0.05 | 0.55 | 5.83 ± 0.03 | 0.73 | 80.9 ± 1.5 | 0.22 | 114.5 ± 1.6 | 0.31 | 65.8 ± 1.1 | 0.19 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | 0.51 |
| CC | 40 | 5.58 ± 0.19 | 5.92 ± 0.13 | 78.4 ± 6.1 | 113.4 ± 6.7 | 67.3 ± 5.0 | 23.5 ± 0.5 | ||||||
| IGF2BP2 | |||||||||||||
| rs4402960 (G/T) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| GG | 1,635 | 5.54 ± 0.03 | 5.81 ± 0.02 | 80.3 ± 1.0 | 115.4 ± 1.1 | 65.5 ± 0.8 | 24.1 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| GT | 1,108 | 5.64 ± 0.04 | 0.037 | 5.85 ± 0.02 | 0.33 | 70.0 ± 1.0 | 0.06 | 110.2 ± 1.3 | 0.0005¶ | 67.8 ± 1.0 | 0.07 | 24.1 ± 0.1 | 0.31 |
| TT | 173 | 5.67 ± 0.09 | 5.83 ± 0.06 | 77.5 ± 2.9 | 108.0 ± 3.2 | 67.7 ± 2.4 | 23.8 ± 0.3 | ||||||
| rs1470579 (A/C) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| AA | 1,597 | 5.54 ± 0.03 | 5.80 ± 0.02 | 80.0 ± 1.0 | 115.3 ± 1.1 | 65.8 ± 0.8 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| AC | 1,143 | 5.64 ± 0.04 | 0.029 | 5.85 ± 0.02 | 0.11 | 78.2 ± 1.1 | 0.17 | 111.0 ± 1.3 | 0.0026 | 67.1 ± 0.9 | 0.20 | 24.0 ± 0.1 | 0.23 |
| CC | 167 | 5.66 ± 0.10 | 5.86 ± 0.06 | 77.1 ± 2.9 | 108.2 ± 3.3 | 68.1 ± 2.5 | 23.9 ± 0.3 | ||||||
| SLC30A8 | |||||||||||||
| rs13266634 (C/T) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| CC | 960 | 5.64 ± 0.04 | 5.84 ± 0.03 | 77.0 ± 1.2 | 110.1 ± 1.4 | 67.8 ± 1.0 | 23.9 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| CT | 1,411 | 5.57 ± 0.03 | 0.18 | 5.82 ± 0.02 | 0.61 | 80.3 ± 1.0 | 0.25 | 114.6 ± 1.1 | 0.05 | 65.6 ± 0.8 | 0.28 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | 0.0087 |
| TT | 531 | 5.56 ± 0.05 | 5.82 ± 0.04 | 78.6 ± 1.7 | 113.7 ± 1.8 | 66.5 ± 1.4 | 24.3 ± 0.2 | ||||||
| EXT2 | |||||||||||||
| rs1113132 (C/G) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| CC | 989 | 5.58 ± 0.04 | 5.82 ± 0.03 | 79.4 ± 1.2 | 112.3 ± 1.4 | 66.4 ± 1.0 | 24.1 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| CG | 1,422 | 5.60 ± 0.03 | 0.97 | 5.83 ± 0.02 | 0.85 | 79.3 ± 1.0 | 0.26 | 114.0 ± 1.1 | 0.89 | 66.0 ± 0.8 | 0.37 | 24.1 ± 0.1 | 0.73 |
| GG | 506 | 5.57 ± 0.05 | 5.82 ± 0.04 | 76.7 ± 1.7 | 111.3 ± 1.9 | 68.4 ± 1.4 | 24.0 ± 0.2 | ||||||
| rs11037909 (T/C) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| TT | 996 | 5.60 ± 0.04 | 5.82 ± 0.03 | 79.8 ± 1.2 | 112.4 ± 1.4 | 65.9 ± 1.0 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| TC | 1,390 | 5.59 ± 0.03 | 0.73 | 5.83 ± 0.02 | 0.99 | 79.0 ± 1.0 | 0.20 | 114.0 ± 1.1 | 0.92 | 66.3 ± 0.8 | 0.23 | 24.1 ± 0.1 | 0.29 |
| CC | 509 | 5.58 ± 0.05 | 5.82 ± 0.04 | 77.1 ± 1.7 | 111.5 ± 1.9 | 68.1 ± 1.4 | 24.0 ± 0.2 | ||||||
| rs3740878 (A/G) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| TT | 931 | 5.59 ± 0.04 | 5.81 ± 0.03 | 79.9 ± 1.3 | 113.0 ± 1.4 | 65.8 ± 1.0 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| TC | 1,409 | 5.60 ± 0.03 | 0.83 | 5.83 ± 0.02 | 0.84 | 79.2 ± 1.0 | 0.18 | 113.4 ± 1.1 | 0.78 | 66.4 ± 0.8 | 0.24 | 24.0 ± 0.1 | 0.39 |
| CC | 518 | 5.57 ± 0.05 | 5.82 ± 0.04 | 76.9 ± 1.6 | 112.1 ± 1.9 | 67.9 ± 1.4 | 24.0 ± 0.2 | ||||||
| LOC387761 | |||||||||||||
| rs7480010 (A/G) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| AA | 1,718 | 5.59 ± 0.03 | 5.82 ± 0.02 | 79.9 ± 0.9 | 113.9 ± 1.0 | 65.7 ± 0.7 | 24.1 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| AG | 1,034 | 5.56 ± 0.04 | 0.57 | 5.83 ± 0.03 | 0.97 | 78.3 ± 1.2 | 0.025 | 112.8 ± 1.3 | 0.08 | 67.1 ± 1.0 | 0.028 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | 0.87 |
| GG | 145 | 5.60 ± 0.10 | 5.82 ± 0.07 | 72.1 ± 2.9 | 106.1 ± 3.5 | 72.0 ± 2.8 | 23.8 ± 0.3 | ||||||
| Intergenic | |||||||||||||
| rs9300039 (C/A) Genotype | |||||||||||||
| CC | 1,550 | 5.62 ± 0.03 | 5.84 ± 0.02 | 79.0 ± 1.0 | 112.5 ± 1.1 | 66.6 ± 0.8 | 24.1 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| CA | 1,130 | 5.57 ± 0.04 | 0.07 | 5.81 ± 0.02 | 0.14 | 78.8 ± 1.1 | 0.99 | 112.9 ± 1.3 | 0.23 | 66.4 ± 0.9 | 0.87 | 24.1 ± 0.1 | 0.61 |
| AA | 212 | 5.46 ± 0.08 | 5.76 ± 0.06 | 79.2 ± 2.6 | 117.5 ± 3.0 | 66.2 ± 2.1 | 24.1 ± 0.2 | ||||||
*
Data are means ± SE or
†
geometric means ± SE, unless otherwise indicated. Alleles in bold are the risk alleles for type 2 diabetes identified by previous studies while alleles underlined are the risk alleles for type 2 diabetes or IFG observed in this study.
‡
Adjusted for age, sex, region, and BMI.
§
Adjusted for age, sex, and region.
¶
The associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple tests, and the Bonferroni corrected cutoff P value is 0.0014 (0.05/36 tests).