Table 2.

Lactoferrin induces an increase in IL-12:IL-10 ratio from LPS-stimulated or BCG infected macrophages

IL-12:IL-10 ratio
Lactoferrin (μg/mL)	–	1	10	100
LPS (ng/mL)	1	1	1	1
Average ratio	18.64	15.04	10.25*	28.88*
Standard deviation	0.47	1.20	0.21	1.46
Lactoferrin (μg/mL)	–	1	10	100
LPS (ng/mL)	10	10	10	10
Average ratio	19.80	19.99	21.57	30.27+
Standard deviation	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Lactoferrin (μg/mL)	–	1	10	100
BCG (MOI)	10:1	10:1	10:1	10:1
Average ratio	6.57	8.81*	16.56*	11.65*
Standard deviation	0.51	0.42	1.02	0.72

J774A.1 macrophages were stimulated with 1 ng/mL LPS (top) or 10 ng/mL LPS (middle) with or without increasing concentrations of Lactoferrin (1, 10, 100 μg/mL). Alternatively, cells were infected with BCG (MOI 10:1) (bottom) with or without Lactoferrin. Supernatants were collected at 72 h and analyzed by ELISA. Ratio was calculated by dividing concentration of IL-12p40 by IL-10.

^*P < 0.05 relative to non-Lactoferrin treated controls