Table 2.
Difference (95% CI) in serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations by quartile (Q) of serum selenium concentrations (n = 5452)1
| Q1 (<113.7 ng/mL) | Q2 (113.7–123.6 ng/mL) | Q3 (123.7–134.6 ng/mL) | Q4 (≥134.7 ng/mL) | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 192.62 | 198.7 | 202.9 | 208.8 | |
| Model 13 | 0.0 (reference) | 6.3 (1.7, 10.9) | 9.9 (6.4, 13.4) | 15.5 (10.1, 20.8) | <0.001 |
| Model 24 | 0.0 (reference) | 7.3 (2.7, 11.8) | 10.4 (7.1, 13.7) | 16.9 (11.9, 22.0) | <0.001 |
| Model 35 | 0.0 (reference) | 7.2 (2.6, 11.8) | 10.0 (6.7, 13.4) | 16.6 (11.6, 21.4) | <0.001 |
| Serum LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 120.3 | 124.0 | 128.2 | 131.1 | |
| Model 13 | 0.0 (reference) | 3.7 (−0.9, 8.2) | 6.9 (2.8, 11.0) | 9.5 (4.6, 14.3) | <0.001 |
| Model 24 | 0.0 (reference) | 4.8 (0.3, 9.3) | 7.9 (4.1, 11.8) | 11.3 (6.7, 15.8) | <0.001 |
| Model 35 | 0.0 (reference) | 4.7 (0.2, 9.2) | 7.5 (3.7, 11.4) | 10.9 (6.4, 15.4) | <0.001 |
| Serum HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 49.1 | 50.8 | 49.8 | 52.1 | |
| Model 13 | 0.0 (reference) | 2.2 (0.7, 3.8) | 2.2 (0.5, 4.0) | 4.7 (2.5, 6.9) | <0.001 |
| Model 24 | 0.0 (reference) | 1.6 (0.2, 3.0) | 1.1 (−0.4, 2.6) | 3.1 (1.4, 4.8) | 0.001 |
| Model 35 | 0.0 (reference) | 1.6 (0.2, 3.1) | 1.2 (−0.3, 2.6) | 3.2 (1.6, 5.0) | <0.001 |
| Serum apo B (mg/dL)6 | 99.8 | 101.4 | 105.9 | 106.2 | |
| Model 13 | 0.0 (reference) | 1.8 (−1.4, 5.0) | 5.5 (1.5, 9.5) | 5.7 (1.5, 9.8) | 0.009 |
| Model 24 | 0.0 (reference) | 3.5 (0.0, 6.9) | 7.0 (3.8, 10.2) | 9.1 (5.9, 12.3) | <0.001 |
| Model 35 | 0.0 (reference) | 3.5 (0.1, 6.9) | 7.0 (4.0, 10.4) | 8.9 (5.6, 12.2) | <0.001 |
| Serum apo A-I (mg/dL)6 | 140.0 | 144.1 | 140.1 | 147.8 | |
| Model 14 | 0.0 (reference) | 4.7 (1.0, 8.4) | 3.2 (0.1, 6.3) | 9.9 (4.3, 15.5) | 0.001 |
| Model 25 | 0.0 (reference) | 3.3 (−0.4, 6.9) | 1.1 (−1.7, 4.0) | 6.9 (1.5, 12.2) | 0.02 |
| Model 35 | 0.0 (reference) | 3.1 (−0.6, 6.8) | 1.1 (−1.6, 3.8) | 6.9 (1.7, 12.1) | 0.01 |
Apo B, apolipoprotein B; apo A-I, apolipoprotein A-I.
x̄ within each quartile (all such values).
Adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male, female), and race-ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, other).
Further adjusted for education (≥12 y of school completed, <12 y of school completed), family income (≥$20 000,<$20 000), postmenopausal status for women (yes, no), cigarette smoking (current, former, never), serum cotinine (continuous), alcohol consumption (current, former, never), physical activity (0, 1-2, ≥3 times/wk), and body mass index (continuous).
Further adjusted for cholesterol-lowering medication use (yes, no), vitamin-mineral supplement use (yes, no), glomerular filtration rate (continuous), C-reactive protein (≥1.0 mg/dL, 0.3-0.9 mg/dL, <0.3 mg/dL), diabetes mellitus (yes, no), thyroid-stimulating hormone (continuous), and thyroxine (continuous).
Analysis based on subsample of 2589 participants because apo B and apoA-I were only measured during 1988-1991.